ArticleNature communications2024
Shape morphing of hydrogels by harnessing enzyme enabled mechanoresponse.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmable Hydrogels for Surgical Interface Control: Function-Based Design, DNA-Based Molecular Modules, and Translational Evaluation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical translation and landscape of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines and microscale therapeutics.Chemical Society reviews · 2026Review
- Shaping Function: Polymeric 3D Systems With Unconventional Geometries for Biomedical Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Mechanochemical and machine-intelligent design of programmable materials: From molecular interactions to macroscale functionality.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Engineering Design of Artificial Phase-Separating Proteins.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Enzyme-Integrated Hydrogels for Advanced Biological Applications.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Bi-Layered Tablets as a Novel Platform for Wound Healing and Synergistic Combination Therapy.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Entropy-Regulated Swelling as the Mechanistic Driver of Drug Diffusion in a Mechanically Robust Hydroxyapatite/PVA Hybrid Hydrogel.Macromolecules · 2026Article
- Autonomous Hydrogel Actuators Programmed by Endogenous Biochemical Logic for Dual-Stage Morphing and Drug Release.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Enzymatic Methods for Assembling and Modifying Hydrogel Biomaterials.Regenerative engineering and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Human-Centric, Three Dimensional Micro Light-Emitting Diodes for Cosmetic and Medical Phototherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Two dimensional MoSNature communications · 2025Article
- Engineered Shape-Morphing Transitions in Hydrogels Through Suspension Bath Printing of Temperature-Responsive Granular Hydrogel Inks.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Design and Functionality of Trypsin-Triggered, Expandable Bovine Serum Albumin-Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate Hydrogel Actuators.Small science · 2024Article
- Chemical and Photochemical-Driven Dissipative FeJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hydrogels have been designed to react to many different stimuli which find broad applications in tissue engineering and soft robotics. However, polymer networks bearing mechano-responsiveness, especially those displaying on-demand self-stiffening and self-softening behavior, are rarely reported. Here, we design a mechano-controlled biocatalytic system at the molecular level that is incorporated into hydrogels to regulate their mechanical properties at the material scale. The biocatalytic system consists of the protease thrombin and its inhibitor, hirudin, which are genetically engineered and covalently coupled to the hydrogel networks. The catalytic activity of thrombin is reversibly switched on by stretching of the hydrogels, which disrupts the noncovalent inhibitory interaction between both entities. Under cyclic tensile-loading, hydrogels exhibit self-stiffening or self-softening properties when substrates are present that can self-assemble to form new networks after being activated by thrombin or when cleavable peptide crosslinkers are constitutional components of the original network, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate the programming of bilayer hydrogels to exhibit tailored shape-morphing behavior under mechanical stimulation. Our developed system provides proof of concept for mechanically controlled reversible biocatalytic processes, showcasing their potential for regulating hydrogels and proposing a biomacromolecular strategy for mechano-regulated soft functional materials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.