ArticleNature nanotechnology2024
3D nanofabricated soft microrobots with super-compliant picoforce springs as onboard sensors and actuators.
Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioinspired liquid metal-spidroin (LMS) stripe microneedle actuators.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Origami and Kirigami on Nanomembranes: Design, Fabrication, and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Magnetically actuated miniature bamboo-fiber robots for antibiotic removal from water.iScience · 2026Article
- Microrobots for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in the Digestive System: A Review of Actuation Mechanisms, Structural Design, Preclinical and Translational Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Viscoelasticity-guided covalent assembly of atomically precise nanoclusters via nitrene-mediated two-photon lithography.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Shape, strain and spin texture as a modern triad for magnetic materials.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Soft, Degradable, and Magnetic Microcarriers for Encapsulation and Guided Transport of Drugs and 3D Spheroids.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Hydrogel-Based Micro/Nanorobots for Advanced Biomedical Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Additive Manufacturing of Nanoscale Multimaterial Voxels Via Meniscus-Confined Electrodeposition.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Translational Application of Biomedical Microrobots in Female Reproductive System.ACS nano medicine · 2026Review
- Enable active mobility of untethered miniature robots in high-resistance multiphase medium.Science advances · 2026Article
- Exploring Eco-Sustainability in Functionally Unconventional Magnetic Field Sensors.Nano letters · 2026Review
- Microscale Architectures for Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Functional Microneedles to Biointegrated Wearable Systems.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- A tactile gripper on an optical fiber for perception and actuation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Soft magnetic microrobots with remote sensing and communication capabilities.Nature communications · 2025Article
- TriMag Microrobots: 3D-Printed Microrobots for Magnetic Actuation, Imaging, and Hyperthermia.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- PMSE Centennial: Celebration of Success and New Frontiers in Polymer Materials Science and Engineering.ACS macro letters · 2025Article
- Automated Shear Strength Characterization at Micro Scales Based on a Microrobotic System.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Application of the adaptive sparrow search algorithm in medical supply engineering.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microscale organisms and specialized motile cells use protein-based spring-like responsive structures to sense, grasp and move. Rendering this biomechanical transduction functionality in an artificial micromachine for applications in single-cell manipulations is challenging due to the need for a bio-applicable nanoscale spring system with a large and programmable strain response to piconewton-scale forces. Here we present three-dimensional nanofabrication and monolithic integration, based on an acrylic elastomer photoresist, of a magnetic spring system with quantifiable compliance sensitive to 0.5 pN, constructed with customized elasticity and magnetization distributions at the nanoscale. We demonstrate the effective design programmability of these 'picospring' ensembles as energy transduction mechanisms for the integrated construction of customized soft micromachines, with onboard sensing and actuation functions at the single-cell scale for microrobotic grasping and locomotion. The integration of active soft springs into three-dimensional nanofabrication offers an avenue to create biocompatible soft microrobots for non-disruptive interactions with biological entities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.