ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2024
Infant growth and body composition from birth to 24 months: are infants developing the same?
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Report of a Meeting: An Expert Consultation on Body Composition and Adiposity for Children and Adolescents in All Their Diversity.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- From Mother-Fetus Dyad to Mother-Milk-Infant Triad: Sex Differences in Macronutrient Composition of Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Exploring Infant Size and Body Composition at 18 Months: An Ambidirectional Peri-Urban South African Cohort Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- How did the use of the social marketing approach in Egyptian communities succeed in improving breastfeeding practices and infants' growth?BMC public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiven the importance of infancy for establishing growth trajectories, with later-life health consequences, we investigated longitudinal body composition among infants from six economically and ethnically diverse countries.
methodsWe recruited mother-infant dyads using the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study criteria. We measured fat-free mass (FFM) in 1393 (49% female) infants from birth to 6 months of age (Australia, India, and South Africa; n = 468), 3-24 months of age (Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka; n = 925), and derived fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WHZ) Z-scores were computed. Sex differences were assessed using a t-test, and country differences using a one-way analysis of covariance. We further compared subsamples of children with average (-0.25 > HAZ < +0.25), below-average (≤-0.25) and above-average (≥+0.25) HAZ.
resultsHAZ performed well between 0 and 6 months, but less so between 3 and 24 months. The stunting prevalence peaked at 10.3% for boys and 7.8% for girls, at 24 months. By 24 months, girls had greater FMI (10%) than boys. There were significant differences in FFM (both sexes in all countries) and FM (Brazilian boys, Pakistani and South African girls) by 24 months of age between infants with average, above-average, and below-average HAZ.
conclusionIn a multi-country sample representing more ideal maternal conditions, body composition was heterogeneous even among infants who exhibited ideal length. Having a mean HAZ close to the median of the WHO standard for length reduced FFM between-country heterogeneity but not FM, suggesting that other factors may influence adiposity.
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