Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38171588›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

Strategies to reduce out-of-pocket medication costs for Canadians with peripheral arterial disease.

Graham R McClure, William F McIntyre, Peter Belesiotis, Eric Kaplovitch, Noel Chan, Vinai Bhagirath, Gurneet Chahill, Abigail Hayes, Gursharan Sohi, Wendy Bordman and 3 more

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Graham R McClureFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
William F McIntyreFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Peter BelesiotisFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Eric KaplovitchFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Noel ChanFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Vinai BhagirathFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Gurneet ChahillFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Abigail HayesFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Gursharan SohiFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Wendy BordmanFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Richard P WhitlockFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Sonia S AnandFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock).
Emilie P Belley-CôtéFrom the Division of Vascular Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ont. (McClure, McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Whitlock, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McIntyre, Chan, Bhagirath, Anand, Belley-Côté); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Belesiotis, Chahill, Hayes, Sohi, Bordman); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplovitch); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Whitlock). emilie.belley-cote@phri.ca.
Population Health Research Institute · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAMcMaster University · CA

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGiven that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) disproportionately affects people of lower socioeconomic status, out-of-pocket expenses for preventive medications are a major barrier to their use. We carried out a cost comparison of drug therapies for PAD to identify prescribing strategies that minimize out-of-pocket expenses for these medications.

methodsBetween March and June 2019, we contacted outpatient pharmacies in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, to assess pricing of pharmacologic therapies at dosages included in the 2016 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline for management of lower extremity PAD. We also gathered pricing information for supplementary charges, including delivery, pill splitting and blister packaging. We calculated prescription prices with and without dispensing fees for 30-day brand-name and generic prescriptions, and 90-day generic prescriptions.

resultsTwenty-four pharmacies, including hospital-based, independent and chain, were included in our sample. In the most extreme scenario, total 90-day medication costs could differ by up to $1377.26. Costs were affected by choice of agent within a drug class, generic versus brand-name drug, quantity dispensed, dispensing fee and delivery cost, if any.

conclusionBy opting for prescriptions for 90 days or as long as possible, selecting the lowest-cost generic drugs available in each drug class, and identifying dispensing locations with lower fees, prescribers can minimize out-of-pocket patient medication expenses. This may help improve adherence to guideline-recommended therapies for the secondary prevention of vascular events in patients with PAD.

Indexed as

Drug CostsDrugs, GenericHealth ExpendituresPeripheral Arterial DiseaseCosts and Cost AnalysisHumansOntarioUnited StatesDrugs, Generic

Identifiers

PMID38171588
PMCPMC10790711
OpenAlexW4390583767

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.