ReviewEndocrinology2023
KNDy Neurons of the Hypothalamus and Their Role in GnRH Pulse Generation: an Update.
Review in Endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-cycle therapy after androgen abuse: a narrative review of mechanisms, evidence, and clinical perspectives.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Reproduction under Siege: How Chronic Stress Hijacks the HPG Axis?Neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Potential risk of neoplasms with fezolinetant: clinical evidence, mechanisms, and post-marketing implications.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic control of puberty: from neuronal circuits to mechanisms for its metabolic regulation.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Integrating mechanistic models to decode the GnRH pulse generator in female mice.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Review
- Induction of puberty in hypogonadal forms of primary amenorrhoea: current evidence and future perspectives.Endocrine connections · 2026Review
- Arcuate nucleus-specific progesterone receptor knockdown in female mice is sufficient to induce PCOS-like hyperactivity in the reproductive axis.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Dysregulated LH and FSH Secretion in Human Reproductive Failure.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress drives pubertal precocity due to early-onset obesity in female rodents.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota in Perimenopausal Anxiety: A Novel Therapeutic Pathway Through Diet.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Emerging peptide and neuroendocrine strategies for TRT-induced reproductive suppression and functional male hypogonadism: a narrative review.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic neuroimmune remodeling as an immunometabolic bridge between childhood obesity and earlier pubertal onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Non-human primates as a translational model for the study of male reproductive health.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- The Effects of FSH Versus GnRH Vaccination on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Surgically Castrated Male Growing-Finishing Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Glucogenic Precursor Release from Dietary Supply Is a Potential Amplifier of Monosodium-Glutamate Ovary Stimuli in Sheep with Low Involving Key Gene Mediators of the Glutamate Pathway.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Adult Neurogenesis Is Regulated by the Endocannabinoid and Kisspeptin Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A New Hope for Woman with Vasomotor Symptoms: Neurokinin B Antagonists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Brainstem Noradrenergic Neuronal Populations: Dual Effects on Regulating GnRH and LH Secretion.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Successful Pregnancy in a PCOS Patient with Elevated Basal Luteinizing Hormone and Repeated Ovulation Induction Failures: A Case Report.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- The restorative effect of platelet-rich plasma on estrous cycle disruption induced by arcuate nucleus lesion in female Wistar rats: An experimental study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that synchronized activity within a reciprocally connected population of cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) coexpressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (KNDy cells) is crucial for the generation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses in mammals. The initial "KNDy hypothesis" proposed that pulsatile GnRH secretion is elicited by episodic kisspeptin release from KNDy cells following synchronized activation and termination of the population by NKB and dynorphin, respectively. Since then, the role of KNDy cells as a critical component of the pulse generator has been further supported by studies at the single-cell level, demonstrating that the population is both necessary and sufficient for pulsatility. In addition, there have been considerable modifications and expansion of the original hypothesis, including work demonstrating the critical role of glutamate in synchronization of the KNDy cell network, functional interactions with other ARC subpopulations, and the existence of species differences in the role of dynorphin in pulse generation. Here we review these recent changes and discuss how the translation of these findings has led to the development of new therapies for disorders related to pulse generation. We also outline critical gaps in knowledge that are currently limiting the application of KNDy research in the clinic, particularly regarding the role of dynorphin in pulse generation in primates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.