ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2023
Combination of Chlorambucil and Mercaptopurine Show Effective Anti-Cancer Effects in Mice Model.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- A visualizable mitochondrial-targeted Chlorambucil prodrug for enhancing anti-hepatoma efficacy.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Article
- Tromethamine‑Modified Chlorambucil Prodrug Nano-Micelles: Improved Colloidal Stability and Antitumor Efficacy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning-driven classification and prognostic prediction of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma using APOBEC family expression signatures.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A graph neural network approach for hierarchical mapping of breast cancer protein communities.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Enhanced pharmacokinetic and therapeutic of GSH-responsive mPEG-Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Combination therapy employing multiple drugs has been shown to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment. Chlorambucil (Chl) and 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) are the first-line medicines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and ovarian cancer. However, both were limited by their short half-life of disintegration, unsatisfactory water solubility, and adverse reactions. Methods: In this work, the drug Chl and 6MP were introduced into the polymerized N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (polyHPMA) by pH and glutathione responsive linker to construct the polymer nanodrug delivery system for effective co-delivery. Results: The drug load capacities, release, morphology, and cytotoxicity of the pro-drug were systematic. The two drugs showed satisfactory synergism with a combination index of 0.81, and a better ability to induce apoptosis. In and ex vivo fluorescence imaging showed a rapid systemic distribution of the conjugate within mice, majorly metabolized by liver and kidneys and eliminated after 24 hr. No significant pathological damage was observed in the major organs. This polymeric prodrug system holds promise for improved therapeutic efficiency and reduced side effects through the synergistic delivery of various chemotherapeutics. Conclusion: The introduction of HPMA as a carrier not only enhanced the solubility and biocompatibilities of Chl and 6 MP but also improved their drug effect. This strategy might be a promising alternative for constructing multi-drug-release system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.