ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Diagnostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis - a multicentre study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Crossroads of Neuroinflammation and Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- Intrathecal Plasma Cell Activity as Measured by the Kappa Free Light Chain Index Is Associated With Retinal Layer Atrophy in Early Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Real-World Performance of CSF Kappa Free Light Chains in the 2024 McDonald Criteria.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of the kappa free light chain index in multiple sclerosis under the 2024 CSF positivity criterion: a multicentre study in oligoclonal band-negative patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Kappa free light chain index in CSF diagnostics: the impact of different immunoglobulin isotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Positive cerebrospinal fluid in the 2024 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis.EBioMedicine · 2025Review
- Kappa Free Light Chain Index in the Real World-Do We Miss Clinically Relevant Information by Skipping Oligoclonal Banding?European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- CSF biomarkers of B-cell activation in multiple sclerosis: a clinical perspective.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Beyond the cut-off: harmonizing kappa free light chain index using likelihood ratios improves the clinical interpretation in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
- Imaging phenotypic differences in multiple sclerosis: at the crossroads of aging, sex, race, and ethnicity.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Review
- Inter-assay diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 13 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Kappa free light chains (κ-FLC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are an emerging biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate whether κ-FLC index has similar diagnostic value in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) compared to oligoclonal bands (OCB). Methods: Patients with PPMS were recruited through 11 MS centres across 7 countries. κ-FLC were measured by immunonephelometry/-turbidimetry. OCB were determined by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation. Results: A total of 174 patients (mean age of 52±11 years, 51% males) were included. κ-FLC index using a cut-off of 6.1 was positive in 161 (93%) and OCB in 153 (88%) patients. Conclusion: κ-FLC index shows similar diagnostic sensitivity than OCB in PPMS.
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