Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38168740›Full record

Trial reportProgress in orthodontics2024

Comparison of the effects on facial soft tissues produced by rapid and slow maxillary expansion using stereophotogrammetry: a randomized clinical trial.

Matilde Marino Merlo, Bernardo Quiroga Souki, Michele Nieri, Agnese Bonanno, Veronica Giuntini, James A McNamara, Lorenzo Franchi

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Progress in orthodontics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Matilde Marino MerloGraduate Orthodontic Program, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Bernardo Quiroga SoukiGraduate Orthodontic Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Michele NieriDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Orthodontics, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Agnese BonannoGraduate Orthodontic Program, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Veronica GiuntiniGraduate Orthodontic Program, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
James A McNamaraThomas M. and Doris Graber Endowed Professor of Dentistry Emeritus, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Lorenzo FranchiGraduate Orthodontic Program, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy. lorenzo.franchi@unifi.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2072-460X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the effects on facial soft tissues produced by maxillary expansion generated by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) versus slow maxillary expansion (SME). MATERIALS AND

methodsPatients in the mixed dentition were included with a transverse discrepancy between the two arches of at least 3 mm. A conventional RME screw was compared to a new expansion screw (Leaf expander) designed to produce SME. Both screws were incorporated in a fixed expander. The primary outcome was the difference of the facial tissue changes in the nasal area measured on facial 3D images captured immediately before application of the expander (T0) and after one year of retention, immediately after the expander removal (T1). Secondary outcomes were soft tissue changes of other facial regions (mouth, lips, and chin). Analysis of covariance was used for statistical analysis.

resultsFourteen patients were allocated to the RME group, and 14 patients were allocated to the SME group. There were no dropouts. Nasal width change showed a difference between the two groups (1.3 mm greater in the RME group, 95% CI from 0.4 to 2.2, P = 0.005). Also, intercanthal width showed a difference between treatments (0.7 mm greater in the RME group, 95% CI from 0.0 to 1.3, P = 0.044). Nasal columella width, mouth width, nasal tip angle, upper lip angle, and lower lip angle did not show any statistically significant differences. The Y-axis (anterior-posterior) components of the nasal landmark showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (0.5 mm of forward displacement greater in the RME group, 95% CI from 0.0 to 1.2, P = 0.040). Also, Z-axis (superior-inferior) components of the lower lip landmark was statistically significant (0.9 mm of downward displacement in favor of the RME group, 95% CI from 0.1 to 1.7, P = 0.027). All the other comparisons of the three-dimensional assessments were not statistically significant.

conclusionsRME produced significant facial soft tissue changes when compared to SME. RME induced greater increases in both nasal and intercanthal widths (1.3 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively). These findings, though statistically significant, probably are not clinically relevant. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN18263886. Registered 8 November 2016, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18263886?q=Franchi&filters=&sort=&offset=2&totalResults=2&page=1&pageSize=10.

Indexed as

FacePalatal Expansion TechniqueDentition, MixedHumansLipMaxillaPhotogrammetry

Identifiers

PMID38168740
PMCPMC10761642

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.