Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38168615›Full record

ArticleNature microbiology2024

Candida albicans extracellular vesicles trigger type I IFN signalling via cGAS and STING.

Hannah Brown Harding, Geneva N Kwaku, Christopher M Reardon, Nida S Khan, Daniel Zamith-Miranda, Robert Zarnowski, Jenny M Tam, Collins K Bohaen, Lauren Richey, Kenta Mosallanejad and 14 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
15.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Extracellular Vesicles fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Trans-Kingdom dsRNA Sensing:bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
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  15. Review
  16. Article
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  18. Review
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Hannah Brown HardingDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9175-8209
Geneva N KwakuDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Christopher M ReardonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Nida S KhanDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-1032-2195
Daniel Zamith-MirandaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7532-2432
Robert ZarnowskiDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6343-1500
Jenny M TamWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Collins K BohaenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Lauren RicheyTufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6644-9562
Kenta MosallanejadDivision of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8239-3714
Arianne J CrossenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8572-6366
Jennifer L ReedyDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Rebecca A WardDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6752-5600
Diego A Vargas-BlancoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Kyle J BashamDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Roby P BhattacharyyaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6955-5088
Jeniel E NettDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8587-6244
Michael K MansourDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Frank L van de VeerdonkDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1121-4894
Vinod KumarDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Jonathan C KaganDivision of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2364-2746
David R AndesDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7927-9950
Joshua D NosanchukDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9905-5754
Jatin M VyasDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jvyas@mgh.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9985-9565
Massachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USBoston Children's Hospital · USBroad Institute · USRadboud University Nijmegen · NLNitte University · INTufts University · US

Funding

Vesicle-mediated drug resistance of Candida albicans biofilmR01AI073289 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ANDES, DAVID R, MITCHELL, AARON P · 2008 to 2025
$7.9M
Control of Type I Interferon Production in Response to Candida albicansR01AI150181 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI Jatin M Vyas · 2020 to 2026
$5.4M
Regulation of immunity by the cGAS-STING pathwayR01AI167993 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI JONATHAN C KAGAN · 2022 to 2026
$3.9M
Defining the pathways activated by Toll-like Receptors to stimulate immunityR37AI116550 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI JONATHAN C KAGAN · 2021 to 2026
$3.3M
Rapid fungal identification and antifungal susceptibility testing through quantitative, multiplexed RNA detectionR01AI153405 · NIAID · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI BHATTACHARYYA, ROBY PAUL · 2020 to 2024
$3.3M
The Functional Role of the Tetraspanin CD82/Kai1 in Fungal Innate ImmunityR01AI136529 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VYAS, JATIN M · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
Mechanism(s) of pathogenicity for Candida aurisR01AI145939 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI NETT, JENIEL E · 2020 to 2025
$2.7M
Functional Role of the Tetraspanin CD82/Kai1 in Innate and Adaptive ImmunityR01AI092084 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VYAS, JATIN M · 2011 to 2015
$2.2M
Innate Immune Response to Aspergillus fumigatus Cell Wall CarbohydratesK08AI141755 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI REEDY, JENNIFER LYNNE · 2019 to 2022
$799k
Systems Analysis of Innate Immune Responses to Fungal-Derived CarbohydratesR21AI109303 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VYAS, JATIN M · 2015 to 2016
$479k
Novel point-of-care liquid biopsy for early detection of sepsis-associated organ damageR21AI188227 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BHATTACHARYYA, ROBY PAUL, KARABACAK, NEZIHI MURAT · 2025 to 2025
$474k
Host Responses to Coccidioides by Human Airway EpitheliumR21AI152499 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VYAS, JATIN M · 2022 to 2023
$462k
NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI141755NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI073289NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI092084NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI136529NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI145939NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150181NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153405NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI167993NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI109303NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI152499NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI156104NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI159583NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI188227NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI116550
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The host type I interferon (IFN) pathway is a major signature of inflammation induced by the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. However, the molecular mechanism for activating this pathway in the host defence against C. albicans remains unknown. Here we reveal that mice lacking cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway components had improved survival following an intravenous challenge by C. albicans. Biofilm-associated C. albicans DNA packaged in extracellular vesicles triggers the cGAS-STING pathway as determined by induction of interferon-stimulated genes, IFNβ production, and phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and TANK-binding kinase 1. Extracellular vesicle-induced activation of type I IFNs was independent of the Dectin-1/Card9 pathway and did not require toll-like receptor 9. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cGAS and STING potently altered inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes challenged by C. albicans. These studies provide insights into the early innate immune response induced by a clinically significant fungal pathogen.

Indexed as

CandidiasisInterferon Type IAnimalsCandida albicansCARD Signaling Adaptor ProteinsCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseImmunity, InnateMiceNucleotidyltransferasesSignal TransductionSTING ProteinCard9 protein, mouseCARD Signaling Adaptor ProteinscGAS protein, mouseCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseInterferon Type INucleotidyltransferasesSting1 protein, mouseSTING Protein

Identifiers

PMID38168615
PMCPMC10959075
OpenAlexW4390501083

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.