Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38168501›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2024

Earliest known funerary rites in Wallacea after the last glacial maximum.

Stuart Hawkins, Gabriella Ayang Zetika, Rebecca Kinaston, Yulio Ray Firmando, Devi Mustika Sari, Yuni Suniarti, Mary Lucas, Patrick Roberts, Christian Reepmeyer, Tim Maloney and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Stuart HawkinsArchaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia. stuart.hawkins@anu.edu.au.
Gabriella Ayang ZetikaDepartemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Rebecca KinastonDepartment of Anatomy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Yulio Ray FirmandoDepartemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Devi Mustika SariDepartemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Yuni SuniartiDepartemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Mary LucasDepartment of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology DE, Jena, Germany.
Patrick RobertsDepartment of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology DE, Jena, Germany.
Christian ReepmeyerCommission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures, German Archaeological Institute Division of Germany, Berlin, Germany.
Tim MaloneyGriffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
Shimona KealyArchaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Claudine StirlingCentre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Malcolm ReidCentre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
David BarrCentre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Torsten KleffmannCentre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Abhishek KumarCentre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Pratiwi YuwonoArchaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Mirani LitsterArchaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Muhammad HusniBalai Arkeologi Maluku, JI. Namalatu-Latuhalat, Ambon, Indonesia.
Marlon RirimasseBalai Arkeologi Maluku, JI. Namalatu-Latuhalat, Ambon, Indonesia.
MahirtaDepartemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Muhammad MujabuddawatBalai Arkeologi Maluku, JI. Namalatu-Latuhalat, Ambon, Indonesia.
HarriyadiOrganisasi Riset Arkeologi Bahasa dan Sastra, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sue O'ConnorArchaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.

Funding

Australian Research Council DE200100133Australian Research Council FL120100156
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The insular region of Wallacea has become a focal point for studying Pleistocene human ecological and cultural adaptations in island environments, however, little is understood about early burial traditions during the Pleistocene. Here we investigate maritime interactions and burial practices at Ratu Mali 2, an elevated coastal cave site on the small island of Kisar in the Lesser Sunda Islands of eastern Indonesia dated to 15,500-3700 cal. BP. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates extreme marine dietary adaptations, engagement with an extensive exchange network across open seas, and early mortuary practices. A flexed male and a female, interred in a single grave with abundant shellfish and obsidian at Ratu Mali 2 by 14.7 ka are the oldest known human burials in Wallacea with established funerary rites. These findings highlight the impressive flexibility of our species in marginal environments and provide insight into the earliest known ritualised treatment of the dead in Wallacea.

Indexed as

ArchaeologyBurialCavesFemaleHumansIndonesiaMaleMortuary Practice

Identifiers

PMID38168501
PMCPMC10762057

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.