ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2024
The fluorescent ligand bTVBT2 reveals increased p-tau uptake by retinal microglia in Alzheimer's disease patients and App
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal tauopathy as a biological indicator of Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Early Retinal UCHL1 Dysregulation Coupled With Synaptic Loss Reflects Alzheimer's Disease Severity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Retinal proteome changes mirror brain pathology and reveal synaptic and cytoskeletal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Sex-specific retina-brain signatures link ERα/ERβ imbalance with gliosis in Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular Dynamics Study of the Binding of Cationic, Anionic, and Neutral Luminescent Conjugated Ligands to the Alzheimer Folds of Aβ(1-42) and Tau Fibrils.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Physiological Implications of Pancreatic Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation and Its Inhibition by Melatonin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Synergistic retinal UCHL1 dysregulation and synaptic vulnerability reflect Alzheimer's disease severity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tau abnormalities and microglial remodeling in glaucoma: potential links to phagocytosis-related injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Article
- Retinal ganglion cell vulnerability to pathogenic tau in Alzheimer's disease.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Early and progressive retinal microglial changes in APPFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- 3-Dimensional morphological characterization of neuroretinal microglia in Alzheimer's disease via machine learning.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Hyperspectral retinal imaging in Alzheimer's disease and age-related macular degeneration: a review.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Review
- Retinal ganglion cell vulnerability to pathogenic tau in Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Age-Related Retinal Layer Thickness Changes Measured by OCT inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Retinal Vascular and Structural Changes in the Murine Alzheimer'sBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Identification of retinal oligomeric, citrullinated, and other tau isoforms in early and advanced AD and relations to disease status.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in the Retina.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2024Review
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8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAmyloid beta (Aβ) deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation have been identified in the retina of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and transgenic AD mice. Previous studies have shown that retinal microglia engulf Aβ, but this property decreases in AD patients. Whether retinal microglia also take up p-tau and if this event is affected in AD is yet not described. In the current study, we use the p-tau-specific thiophene-based ligand bTVBT2 to investigate the relationship between disease progression and p-tau uptake by microglia in the retina of AD patients and App
methodsEvaluation of bTVBT2 specificity and its presence within microglia was assessed by immunofluorescent staining of hippocampal sections and flat-mount retina samples from non-demented controls, AD patients, 3-, 9-, and 12-month-old App
resultsConfocal imaging analysis showed that bTVBT2 binds to PHF-1- and AT8-positive aggregates inside retinal microglia, and not to Aβ, pTDP-43, or IAPP. The density of bTVBT2-positive microglia was higher in cases with a high Aβ load compared to those with a low Aβ load. This density correlated with the neurofibrillary tangle load in the brain, but not with retinal levels of high molecular weight (aggregated) Aβ40 or Aβ42. Analysis of App
conclusionOur study suggests that the microglial capability to uptake p-tau in the retina persists and intensifies with AD progression. These results also highlight bTVBT2 as a ligand of interest in future monitoring of retinal AD pathology.
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