ArticleInternational journal of retina and vitreous2024
Retinal neurovascular alteration in type 2 diabetes with renal impairment in association with systemic arterial stiffness.
Article in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of arterial stiffness and eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Retinal vascular parameters as AI-driven biomarkers for pulse wave velocity assessment: a telemedicine strategy for cardiovascular risk assessment.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) in diabetic retinopathy and its therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Explainable retinal deep learning for cardiovascular risk stratification: a multiple modality analysis framework with vascular-centric interpretability and robustness.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- The cross-talk between arterial stiffness and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the literature.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Retinal vessel tortuosity and fractal dimension in diabetic retinopathy.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Feasibility of a method for measurement of retinal pulse-propagated wave velocity in humans.Microvascular research · 2025Article
- Association of Albumin-To-Creatinine Ratio With Diabetic Retinopathy Among US Adults (NHANES 2009-2016).Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Retinal Microvascular Changes in Association with Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Greek Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) patients should be alert for subclinical macroangiopathy. We aimed to investigate the association between retinal neurovascular alteration and systemic arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients with varying degrees of renal impairment.
methodsThe study included 170 patients with confirmed diagnosis of type 2 DM aged ≥18 years old. Renal function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI). Retinal neurovascular parameters were derived from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)/OCT-Angiography, represented by vessel density (VD Central, Inner, Outer, Full), foveal avascular zone (FAZ area and FAZ perimeter) of the superficial capillary plexus, the average of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (ave mGC-IPLt) and the average of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (aveRNFLt). The association between variables among the groups (according to renal function, diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity, and arterial stiffness categories) were analyzed by regression analysis with multiple hypothesis testing commands.
resultsOut of the 265 eyes, the mean DM duration and HbA1c were 6.21 ± 6.37 years and 8.44 ± 2.06% respectively. While the mean of eGFR, baPWV and ABI were 66.78 ± 32.80 ml/min/1.73m2, 15.49 ± 3.07 m/s, and 1.05 ± 0.12, respectively. Patients with more severe renal impairment demonstrated longer DM duration (p < 0.001), higher baPWV (p < 0.0001), and retinal vascular alteration. Proliverative DR group showed the lowest eGFR (p < 0.0001), highest baPWV (p < 0.0001), and retinal neurovascular changes. Significantly lower eGFR and retinal vascular alteration were found in the baPWV > 14 group. Some neurovascular parameters were significantly negatively correlated with baPWV; moreover, retinal neurovascular changes were also noted in the abnormal ABI group.
conclusionsThe strong association between changes in the retinal neurovascular system, DR severity, renal impairment, and arterial stiffness in type 2 DM was confirmed. Patients with more severe renal impairment had higher levels of arterial stiffness, more severe DR and retinal neurovascular alteration. Retinal neurovascular changes seen in OCT/OCTA might mimic renal microvascular alteration and systemic arterial stiffness. Therefore, assessment of baPWV and OCT/OCTA should be integrated in DR screening to enhance cardiovascular risk stratification and prognosis as well as to provide clinically useful early identification of subclinical micro- and macrovascular alterations.
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