ArticleBMC medicine2024
Genetic proxies for antihypertensive drugs and mental disorders: Mendelian randomization study in European and East Asian populations.
Article in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-Trait Genetic Insights Into Schizophrenia Across Ancestries: Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analyses, Machine Learning, and Drug Repurposing Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Association between antihypertensive drug use and the risk of depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genetic insights into radiomic and proteomic changes under β1-blockers treatment in hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Calcium Channel Blockers in Neuropsychiatric, Endocrine and Pain Disorders.Cells · 2025Review
- Mental Health and Well-Being in the Modern Era: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Interventions.Cureus · 2025Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Paralytic Ileus: A drug-target Mendelian Randomization Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Identification of Immune-Related Gene Signature in Schizophrenia.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Comparative estimation of the effects of antihypertensive medications on schizophrenia occurrence: a multinational observational cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Observational
- Causal relationship between genetic proxies for calcium channel blockers and the risk of depression: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMental disorders are among the top causes of disease burden worldwide. Existing evidence regarding the repurposing of antihypertensives for mental disorders treatment is conflicting and cannot establish causation.
methodsWe used Mendelian randomization to assess the effects of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), beta blockers (BBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on risk of bipolar disorder (BD), major depression disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). We used published genetic variants which are in antihypertensive drugs target genes and correspond to systolic blood pressure (SBP) in Europeans and East Asians, and applied them to summary statistics of BD (cases = 41,917; controls = 371,549 in Europeans), MDD (cases = 170,756; controls = 329,443 in Europeans and cases = 15,771; controls = 178,777 in East Asians), and SCZ (cases = 53,386; controls = 77,258 in Europeans and cases = 22,778; controls = 35,362 in East Asians) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We used inverse variance weighting with MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier. We performed gene-specific analysis and utilized various methods to address potential pleiotropy.
resultsAfter multiple testing correction, genetically proxied ACEIs were associated with an increased risk of SCZ in Europeans (odds ratio (OR) per 5 mmHg lower in SBP 2.10, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.87) and East Asians (OR per 5 mmHg lower in SBP 2.51, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.58). Genetically proxied BBs were not associated with any mental disorders in both populations. Genetically proxied CCBs showed no benefits on mental disorders.
conclusionsAntihypertensive drugs have no protection for mental disorders but potential harm. Their long-term use among hypertensive patients with, or with high susceptibility to, psychiatric illness needs careful evaluation.
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