ArticleBMC primary care2024
Primary care physicians working in rural areas provide a broader scope of practice: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC primary care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Testing and evaluating updated variants of the rurality index for Japan: a nationwide methodological study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Broadband Access and Ophthalmologist Density in the United States: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Cultivating a rural nursing workforce: the impact of rural vs. urban education on nursing students' intentions for rural practice in Nepal.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Urban-rural differences in hospital beds and employee income: a study using the rurality index for healthcare research in Japan.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2026Article
- Why do patients seek emergency care for problems that could be managed in primary care? A scoping review.Family practice · 2025Article
- The Big Five Personality Traits of Medical Students Who Choose a Community-Oriented Medicine Career.Cureus · 2025Article
- Rural and urban disparities in access and quality of healthcare in the Japanese healthcare system: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Scope of practice of Japanese primary care physicians and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study.Family medicine and community health · 2025Article
- Positive association between patient experience of primary care with chronic disease and self-rated health in a Japanese rural area: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey using the Japanese primary care assessment tool short form.Journal of general and family medicine · 2024Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundScope of practice (SoP) is an important factor for primary care physicians (PCPs). One of the strong determinants of SoP is rurality. Although Japan has several rural areas, the SoP in rural areas and the effect of rurality on SoP have not been investigated. This study aimed to describe SoP in Japanese primary care settings and examine the association between rurality and SoP.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included PCPs in Japan. The participants were randomly sampled from the mailing list of the Japan Primary Care Association. The Scope of Practice Inventory (SPI) and Scope of Practice for Primary Care (SP4PC) were used as indicators of SoP. The Rurality Index for Japan (RIJ) was used for rurality. This study compared the number of items of SPI (total score, inpatient care, urgent care and ambulatory care) and SP4PC experienced by > 80% of all PCPs in the most urban (RIJ:1-10) and rural areas (RIJ: 91-100). A multivariable linear regression analysis was also performed to examine the relationship between the RIJ and SPI/SP4PC.
resultsOf 1,000 potential participants, 299 physicians responded to the survey (response rate: 29.9%). PCPs in the most rural areas experienced a greater number of items in the inpatientl/urgent care domains of the SPI and SP4PC than those in the most urban areas. The RIJ was the only common factor for a broader SoP in both the SPI and SP4C models. The coefficients of SoP were 0.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.16) in the SPI model and 0.017 (0.005-0.03) in the SP4PC model.
conclusionRurality was considerably associated with SoP. The findings of this study will be helpful in understanding the SoP on rural and urban areas.
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