ArticlePloS one2024
Hypertensive rats show increased renal excretion and decreased tissue concentrations of glycine betaine, a protective osmolyte with diuretic properties.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Betaine Supplementation Increases Creatinine Clearance and Upregulates MAS and AT2 Receptor Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Kidneys.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Article
- Metabolic Alterations Associated With Diet and Hypertension in Rats.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Impairment and Neuroinflammation are Associated With Target Organ Damage in SHRSP.Physiological research · 2025Article
- Effect of anesthesia and measurement site on baseline blood pressure in rats (2021-2024).Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Urea, TMAO, betaine and other osmolytes as endogenous diuretics in heart failure and hypertension.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Dynamic, multiphase magnetic resonance imaging of in vivo physiological processes with long-lived hyperpolarizedScience advances · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Betaine: Extraction, Identification, and Bioactive Functions in Human Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Exploring the Biomarkers and Potential Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Microglial Inflammatory Activation through P2X7 Receptors based on Transcriptome Sequencing.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypertension leads to water-electrolyte disturbances and end-organ damage. Betaine is an osmolyte protecting cells against electrolyte imbalance and osmotic stress, particularly in the kidneys. This study aimed to evaluate tissue levels and hemodynamic and renal effects of betaine in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Betaine levels were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in normotensive rats (Wistar-Kyoto, WKYs) and Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHRs), a model of genetic hypertension. Acute effects of IV betaine on blood pressure, heart rate, and minute diuresis were evaluated. Gene and protein expression of chosen kidney betaine transporters (SLC6a12 and SLC6a20) were assessed using real-time PCR and Western blot. Compared to normotensive rats, SHRs showed significantly lower concentration of betaine in blood serum, the lungs, liver, and renal medulla. These changes were associated with higher urinary excretion of betaine in SHRs (0.20 ± 0.04 vs. 0.09 ± 0.02 mg/ 24h/ 100g b.w., p = 0.036). In acute experiments, betaine increased diuresis without significantly affecting arterial blood pressure. The diuretic response was greater in SHRs than in WKYs. There were no significant differences in renal expression of betaine transporters between WKYs and SHRs. Increased renal excretion of betaine contributes to decreased concentration of the protective osmolyte in tissues of hypertensive rats. These findings pave the way for studies evaluating a causal relation between depleted betaine and hypertensive organ damage, including kidney injury.
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