Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38164996›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2024

Efgartigimod in generalized myasthenia gravis: A real-life experience at a national reference center.

Rita Frangiamore, Elena Rinaldi, Fiammetta Vanoli, Francesca Andreetta, Emilio Ciusani, Silvia Bonanno, Lorenzo Maggi, Annamaria Gallone, Anna Colasuonno, Irene Tramacere and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
15.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Disease changes and cost analysis of myasthenia gravis: a 10 years retrospective study from a reference center in Italy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Polypharmacology of S-1117, an Fc-fused IgG-selective degrading enzyme, for chronic treatment of autoantibody-mediated diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  10. Italian recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Heterogeneous response to efgartigimod in real-world experience with myasthenia gravis: Predictors and treatment strategies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Efgartigimod improves non-AChR generalized Myasthenia Gravis: a real world experience.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rita FrangiamoreNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Elena RinaldiNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Fiammetta VanoliNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Francesca AndreettaNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Emilio CiusaniLaboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Silvia BonannoNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Lorenzo MaggiNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0932-5173
Annamaria GalloneNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Anna ColasuonnoNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Irene TramacereDepartment of Research and Clinical Development, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Marta CheliNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
Alessandro Pinnaargenx Italy, Milan, Italy.
Renato MantegazzaNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9810-5737
Carlo AntozziNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9270-5224
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta · ITBiogen (Italy) · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeInhibition of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) for IgG is a promising new therapeutic strategy for antibody-mediated disorders. We report our real-life experience with efgartigimod (EFG) in 19 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) along a clinical follow-up of 14 months.

methodsEFG was administered according to the GENERATIVE protocol (consisting of a Fixed period of two treatment cycles [given 1 month apart] of four infusions at weekly intervals, followed by a Flexible period of re-cycling in case of worsening). Eight patients were positive for acetylcholine receptor antibody, four for muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody, and two for lipoprotein-related protein 4 antibody, and five were classified as triple negative. Efficacy of EFG was assessed by the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living, Myasthenia Gravis Composite, and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis scales.

resultsFifty-three percent of patients needed three treatment cycles, 26% needed four, and 21% needed five along the 14-month clinical follow-up. Meaningful improvement was observed at the end of each cycle with the clinical scores adopted. EFG had a dramatic effect on disease course, as during the year before treatment eight of 19 patients (42%) were hospitalized, and 15 of 19 (79%) needed treatment with plasma exchange or immunoglobulins; three of 19 (16%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. During EFG, none of the patients was hospitalized and only one patient required plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulins. No major side effects or infusion-related reactions occurred.

conclusionsWe observed that EFG was safe and modified significantly the course of the disease along a 14-month follow-up. Our experience strengthens the role of FcRn inhibition as an effective new tool for long-term treatment of gMG.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingMyasthenia GravisAutoantibodiesHumansInfant, NewbornPlasma ExchangeAutoantibodiesacetylcholine receptorefgartigimodMuSKmyasthenia gravisneonatal Fc receptor

Identifiers

PMID38164996
PMCPMC11236067
OpenAlexW4390508166

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.