ReviewJournal of reproduction & infertility
Maternal and Fetal Factors Affecting Cell-Free Fetal DNA (cffDNA) Fraction: A Systematic Review.
Review in Journal of reproduction & infertility. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical Feasibility of Early First-Trimester Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing: Associations Between Gestational Age, Fetal Fraction, and No-Call Rates.The application of clinical genetics · 2026Article
- Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia disease using digital PCR.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of iron treatment on fetal fraction according to gestational weeks in maternal anemia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Advancements in Liquid Biopsy Technologies for Non-Invasive Detection of Placental Dysfunction and Perinatal Complications: Focus on cfDNA, cfRNA, and Extracellular Vesicles.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2026Review
- Profiling (placental) DNA methylation in cell-free DNA across gestation: the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Article
- Application of Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) in Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT).Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Lessons (to be) learned from liquid biopsies: assessment of circulating cells and cell-free DNA in cancer and pregnancy-acquired microchimerism.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Analysis of fetal fraction in non-invasive prenatal testing with low-depth whole genome sequencing.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Multidimensional roles of cfDNA fragmentomics in preeclampsia: from placental hypoxia and TLR9 inflammation to clinical risk stratification.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Performance and clinical implications of non-invasive prenatal testing for rare chromosomal abnormalities: a retrospective study of 94,125 cases.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- The Association between Low Fetal Fraction of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes for Placental Compromise.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is a novel screening method for fetal aneuploidy that facilitated non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) through analysis of cffDNA in maternal plasma. However, despite increased sensitivity, it has a number of limitations that may complicate of its results interpretation. Therefore, elucidating factors affecting fetal fraction, as a critical limitation, guides its clinical application. Methods: In this report, systematic search was carried out through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until February 11, 2022 by using keywords consist of "noninvasive prenatal screening", "NIPT", "noninvasive prenatal", "cell free DNA" and "fetal fraction". The articles were screened for eligibility criteria before data extraction. Results: A total of 39 eligible studies, most published between 2010 and 2020, were included. Based on the results of studies, a negative correlation between maternal age and BMI/body weight with fetal fraction was found. Furthermore, LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride level, metformin, heparin and enoxaparin therapy, hemoglobin-related hemoglobinopathies, and physical activity showed to have negative associations. Interestingly, it seems the ethnicity of patients from South and East Asia has a correlation with fetal fraction compared to Caucasians. Positive correlation was observed between gestational age, free β-hCG, PAPP-A, living in high altitude, and twin pregnancy. Conclusion: Considering each factor, there was significant inconsistency and controversy regarding their impact on outcomes. Indeed, multiple factors can influence the accuracy of NIPS results, and it is worth noting that the impact of these factors may vary depending on the individual's ethnic background. Therefore, it is important to recognize that NIPS remains a screening test, and comprehensive pre- and post-NIPS counseling should be conducted as part of standard clinical practice.
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