ArticleTherapeutic advances in infectious disease
Fungal empyema thoracis, a rare but an emerging entity: a retrospective case series from Pakistan.
Article in Therapeutic advances in infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candida glabrata Empyema Unmasked After Antibacterial Therapy: Evidence of Early Polymicrobial Pleural Infection.Cureus · 2026Article
- A Practical Approach to Pleural Infection.Pulmonary therapy · 2025Article
- Pleural Infection: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Fungal Empyema Thoracis Associated withJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Update on invasive fungal infections: emerging trends in the incidence of fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients and associated conditions.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and objective: Fungal empyema is a rare entity which is associated with high mortality. It is mostly seen in immune-compromised hosts. However, there is limited data available on fungal empyema from developing countries regarding risk factors, treatment, and outcome. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of fungal empyema. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed on proven fungal empyema cases, admitted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan during January 2018 to May 2021. We excluded all those patients with polymicrobial bacterial and fungal empyema or with negative pleural fluid cultures. A preformed questionnaire was filled out for each case. Results: A total of 26 patients were diagnosed with fungal empyema with a mean age of 43.6 ± 20.3 years. Of these, 16 (61.5%) patients were male. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity ( Conclusion: Our data suggest that fungal empyema has a poor outcome as almost one-third of our patients died. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcome.
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