ArticleHeliyon2024
Formulation of silymarin binary and ternary solid dispersions: Characterization, simulation study and cell viability assessment against lung cancer cell line.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Expansions and Future Outlook in the Delivery of Poorly Soluble Phytoconstituents through Solid Dispersion Technique.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2026Review
- Silymarin and Silybin: Rejuvenating Traditional Remedies with Modern Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Eudragit S 100 Assisted Molecular Solid Dispersion of Andrographolide Tendered Augmented Drug Delivery and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer, HT-29 Cells.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- SoluplusInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Investigating the Formation and Molecular Solubilization Mechanism of Emodin Solid Dispersions by Molecular Dynamics Simulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ternary Solid Dispersions as an Alternative Approach to Enhance Pharmacological Activity.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Pharmacological Potentials and Delivery Strategies of Isoliquiritigenin: Challenges and Advances in Enhancing Bioavailability.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Silymarin as a phytopharmaceutical agent: advances in mechanistic insights, formulation strategies, and pre-clinical applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- QbD-Based Development and Evaluation of Pazopanib Hydrochloride Extrudates Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion Technique: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Silymarin (SL) is a water-insoluble flavonoid used in the treatment of different diseases, but its therapeutic activity is limited due to its low solubility. So, in the present study, SL solid dispersions (SDs) were developed using different carriers like Kollidone VA64 (KL), Soluplus (SP), and Poloxamer 188 (PL) by solvent evaporation (SE), microwave irradiation (MI), and freeze-drying (FD) methods. The phase solubility and saturation solubility studies were assessed to estimate the stability constant as well as the carrier effect. The dissolution studies were performed for prepared SL-SDs (binary and ternary) to select the optimum SL-SDs. The selected SL-SDs (F5, F9) were further characterized for infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the comparative cell viability assay (lung cancer cell line) was performed to evaluate the change in activity after the formulation of SDs. The phase solubility and solubility study results displayed marked enhancements in solubility. The dissolution study findings showed significant enhancement in drug release from ternary solid dispersions (F7-F9) > ternary physical mixture (PM3) > binary solid dispersions (F1-F6) > binary physical mixture (PM1, PM2) in comparison to free SL. A greater release was observed from ternary SDs due to the addition of PL in the formulation, which had a synergistic effect on increasing the solubility. IR and NMR spectra revealed no chemical interaction between SL, KL, and PL. DSC, XRD, and SEM all confirmed the transformation of crystalline SL into amorphous SL. The cell viability assay demonstrated significantly enhanced results from ternary solid dispersion (F9) compared to free SL. Based on the study results, it can be said that SL-SDs are an alternative way to deliver drugs orally that can improve solubility and have anti-cancer activity.
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Registered trials
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