ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
The role of immune checkpoints in antitumor response: a potential antitumor immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting CD6 in solid tumors: safety, early efficacy, and mechanistic insights from a proof-of-concept trial of itolizumab.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: translational mechanisms, dynamic biomarkers, clinically actionable combination strategies, and comparative checkpoint biology.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Turning off methylglyoxal stress: an alternative approach to inhibit MDSC expansion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- PathTIGR: A pathway topology-informed graph representation learning framework for immunotherapy response prediction.Science advances · 2026Article
- Molecular Evaluation of RNA-Based Immune Checkpoint Profiling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Host Determinants of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy: Immune, Genetic, Metabolic, and Lifestyle Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immune cell-derived exosomes in cancer: double-edged mechanisms of antitumor immunity and tumor progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and tumor immunity by metals and metalloids: mechanistic insights and human health implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Current Insights into the Role of Peripheral Blood Immune Cell Phenotypes in Resistance to Cancer Therapies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Preclinical exploration and current clinical applications of immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Study of JCAD for prognosis and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- BTLA: An Emerging Immune Checkpoint Target in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tumor-Draining Lymph Node-Targeted Electrochemotherapy: A Hypothesis for In Situ Cancer Vaccination.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A Four Amino Acid Intracellular Motif of VISTA Blocks Growth Receptor Signaling in Cancer Cells to Induce Tumor Suppression.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Combination Therapy Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of ERV-Targeting Vaccines in Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- Multifaceted functions of tissue-resident memory T cells in tumorigenesis and cancer immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy aims to stimulate the immune system to inhibit tumor growth or prevent metastases. Tumor cells primarily employ altered expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as a mechanism to avoid immune recognition and antitumor immune response. The antitumor immune response is primarily mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, which plays a key role in the overall anti-tumor immune response. It is crucial to comprehend the molecular events occurring during the activation and subsequent regulation of these cell populations. The interaction between antigenic peptides presented on HLA-I molecules and the T-cell receptor (TCR) constitutes the initial signal required for T cell activation. Once activated, in physiologic circumstances, immune checkpoint expression by T cells suppress T cell effector functions when the antigen is removed, to ensures the maintenance of self-tolerance, immune homeostasis, and prevention of autoimmunity. However, in cancer, the overexpression of these molecules represents a common method through which tumor cells evade immune surveillance. Numerous therapeutic antibodies have been developed to inhibit immune checkpoints, demonstrating antitumor activity with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. Nevertheless, it's worth noting that many immune checkpoint expressions occur after T cell activation and consequently, altered HLA expression on tumor cells could diminish the clinical efficacy of these antibodies. This review provides an in-depth exploration of immune checkpoint molecules, their corresponding blocking antibodies, and their clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.