ArticleWIREs. Water
MAD Water: Integrating Modular, Adaptive, and Decentralized Approaches for Water Security in the Climate Change Era.
Article in WIREs. Water. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying Priority Research Questions for Decentralized Wastewater.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Experiencing modular adaptive decentralized water security systems in southern Pakistan and implications for public health and nutrition: a qualitative exploratory study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- When the Household is the Utility: Ensuring Equitable Water Service for Rural US Communities Served by Decentralized Water Systems.ACS ES&T water · 2025Review
- Interacting Water Insecurity and Food Insecurity: Recent Advances in Theory and Application.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Review
- The role of water insecurity in influencing water and sugar-sweetened beverage choices: A scoping review.PLOS sustainability and transformation · 2025Article
- Can household water sharing advance water security? An integrative review of water entitlements and entitlement failures.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2025Article
- Multiple Data Imputation Methods Advance Risk Analysis and Treatability of Co-occurring Inorganic Chemicals in Groundwater.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Electrochemical oxidation of surfactants as an essential step to enable greywater reuse.Environmental technology & innovation · 2024Article
- (De)centralized Water Futures: Key Dimensions of Infrastructure, Governance, and Operations.WIREs. WaterArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Centralized water infrastructure has, over the last century, brought safe and reliable drinking water to much of the world. But climate change, combined with aging and underfunding, is increasingly testing the limits of-and reversing gains made by-these large-scale water systems. To address these growing strains and gaps, we must assess and advance alternatives to centralized water provision and sanitation. The water literature is rife with examples of systems that are neither centralized nor networked, but still meet water needs of local communities in important ways, including: informal and hybrid water systems, decentralized water provision, community-based water management, small drinking water systems, point-of-use treatment, small-scale water vendors, and packaged water. Our work builds on these literatures by proposing a convergence approach that can integrate and explore the benefits and challenges of modular, adaptive, and decentralized ("MAD") water provision and sanitation, often foregrounding important advances in engineering technology. We further provide frameworks to evaluate justice, economic feasibility, governance, human health, and environmental sustainability as key parameters of MAD water system performance.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.