ArticleVaccine2024
A bacteriophage virus-like particle vaccine against oxycodone elicits high-titer and long-lasting antibodies that sequester drug in the blood.
Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasal and Ocular Immunization with Bacteriophage Virus-like Particle Vaccines Elicits Distinct Systemic and Mucosal Antibody Profiles.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Multi-phase Training in Virus-Like Particle Synthesis to Foster Science Self-efficacy in Students With Minimal Laboratory Experience.Bio-protocol · 2025Article
- Two doses of Qβ virus like particle vaccines elicit protective antibodies against heroin and fentanyl.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdoses are public health emergencies. In 2021, 80,000 opioid overdose associated deaths were reported in the United States. Despite the availability of treatment strategies, including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and naloxone, opioid overdoses continue to increase at an alarming rate. Opioid vaccines are a novel approach to combat the growing crisis with several candidates recently entering human clinical trials. In this study, we investigated Qβ bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLPs) as a vaccine platform for immunogenic display of oxycodone. A derivative of oxycodone was conjugated to pre-formed Qβ VLPs using a sulfhydryl-amine reactive heterobifunctional crosslinker with high loading of oxycodone. In mice, intramuscular immunization with Qβ-oxycodone elicited high-titer, high-avidity and long-lasting antibody responses. Qβ-oxycodone was also immunogenic after storage at ambient room temperature for over two weeks, demonstrating that the vaccine is highly thermostable. In mice, immunization with Qβ-oxycodone elicited antibodies that sequester oxycodone in the serum, an important mechanism for preventing the adverse effects of opioid activity. Finally, Qβ-oxycodone is immunogenic in nonhuman primates, eliciting serum oxycodone antibodies after intramuscular immunization of rhesus macaques. These data establish Qβ-oxycodone as a promising opioid vaccine candidate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.