Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38159600›Full record

ArticleAcademic pediatrics

Association of the Child Opportunity Index and Inpatient Illness Severity in the United States, 2018-2019.

Anjali Garg, Anthony A Sochet, Raquel Hernandez, David C Stockwell

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Academic pediatrics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Explanatory capacity of measures of community context for paediatric injury hospitalisations in the USA.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2025
    Article
  8. Area-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Post-PICU Outcomes in Children With an Acquired Brain Injury: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort, 2016-2023.Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anjali GargDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (A Garg, AA Sochet, and DC Stockwell), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. Electronic address: agarg15@jhmi.edu.
Anthony A SochetDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (A Garg, AA Sochet, and DC Stockwell), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Medicine (AA Sochet), Divisions of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, Fla.
Raquel HernandezPediatric Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics (R Hernandez), Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, Fla; Department of Pediatrics (R Hernandez), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
David C StockwellDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (A Garg, AA Sochet, and DC Stockwell), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.

Funding

Training for Clinician Scientists in Pediatric Critical Cardiopulmonary DiseaseT32HL125239 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BEMBEA, MELANIA MARIA, EVERETT, ALLEN D · 2015 to 2024
$3.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL125239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveChildren residing in impoverished neighborhoods have reduced access to health care resources. Our objective was to identify potential associations between Child Opportunity Index (COI), a composite score of neighborhood characteristics, and inpatient severity of illness and clinical trajectory among United States (US) children.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study assessed data using the Pediatric Health Information System Registry from 2018 to 2019. Primary exposure variable was COI level (range: very low [CO1 1], low [COI 2], moderate [COI 3], high [COI 4], and very high [COI 5]). Markers of inpatient clinical severity included index mortality, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and hospital length of stay (LOS). Subgroup analysis of COI and clinical outcome variation by United States Census Geographic Regions was conducted. Adjusted regression analysis was utilized to understand associations between COI and inpatient clinical severity outcomes.

resultsOf the 132,130 encounters, 44% resided in very low or low COI neighborhoods. In adjusted models, very low COI was associated with increased mortality (aOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74, P = .018), PICU admission (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, P = 0.014), IMV (aOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21, P = .002), and higher hospital LOS (P = .045). Regional variation by COI depicted the East North Central region having the highest rate of mortality (20.5%), P < .001, and PICU admissions (23%), P = .014.

conclusionsOur multicenter, retrospective study highlights the interaction between neighborhood-level deprivation and worsened health disparities, indicating a need for prospective study.

Indexed as

Intensive Care Units, PediatricLength of StaySeverity of Illness IndexAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHospitalizationHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleResidence CharacteristicsRespiration, ArtificialRetrospective StudiesUnited Stateschild opportunity indexhealth disparitiespediatric hospitalizationssocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID38159600
PMCPMC11211241

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.