Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38158518›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2024

Our Health Counts: Examining associations between colonialism and ever being incarcerated among First Nations, Inuit, and Métis people in London, Thunder Bay, and Toronto, Canada.

Nicole M Muir, Michael Rotondi, Raman Brar, Nooshin Khobzi Rotondi, Cheryllee Bourgeois, Brian Dokis, Michael Hardy, Raglan Maddox, Janet Smylie

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Nicole M MuirYork University, Toronto, ON, Canada. muirn@yorku.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-7878-236X
Michael RotondiYork University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Raman BrarWell Living House, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nooshin Khobzi RotondiFaculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Cheryllee BourgeoisSeventh Generation Midwives Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Brian DokisSouthwest Ontario Aboriginal Health Access Centre (SOAHAC), London, ON, Canada.
Michael HardyAnishnawbe Mushkiki, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
Raglan MaddoxResearch School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Janet SmylieWell Living House, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
St. Michael's Hospital · CAYork University · CAAustralian National University · AUOntario Tech University · CAThunder Bay Regional Research Institute · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesIndigenous peoples have a disproportionately high prevalence of incarceration in the Canadian justice system. However, there is limited Indigenous-driven research examining colonialism and the justice system, specifically associations between racism, externally imposed family disruptions, and history of ever being incarcerated. Therefore, this study examined the association between the proportion of previous incarceration and family disruption, experiences of racism, and victimization for Indigenous adults in London, Thunder Bay, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The three communities expressed that they did not want comparison between the communities; rather, they wanted analysis of their community to understand where more supports were needed.

methodsIndigenous community partners used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to collect data from First Nations, Inuit, and Métis (FNIM) peoples in London, Thunder Bay, and Toronto. Prevalence estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and relative risk were reported using unweighted Poisson models and RDS-adjusted proportions.

resultsProportions of ever being incarcerated ranged from 43.0% in London to 54.0% in Toronto and 72.0% in Thunder Bay. In all three cities, history of child protection involvement and experiencing racism was associated with an approximate 25.0% increase in risk for previous incarceration. In Toronto and London, victimization was associated with increased risk for incarceration.

conclusionThis research highlights disproportionately high prevalence of ever being incarcerated among FNIM living in three Ontario cities. Experiencing racism, family disruption, and victimization are associated with incarceration. Decreasing the rates of family disruption, experiences of racism, and victimization should inform future policy and services to reduce the disproportionately high prevalence of incarceration for FNIM people living in urban settings.

Indexed as

ColonialismIndigenous CanadiansInuitPrisonersAdolescentAdultCanadaCrime VictimsFemaleHumansLondonMaleMiddle AgedOntarioRacismYoung AdultAnti-Indigenous racismFoster careIncarcerationResidential schoolsUrban Indigenous healthVictimization

Identifiers

PMID38158518
PMCPMC11582257
OpenAlexW4390402512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.