Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38158479›Full record

ArticleIrish journal of medical science2024

Phage-antibiotic synergism against Salmonella typhi isolated from stool samples of typhoid patients.

Saqib Ali, Muhammad Aamir Aslam, Rabia Kanwar, Zain Mehmood, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Sarfaraz Hussain

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Article in Irish journal of medical science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Antibiotic Alternatives and Next-Generation Therapeutics forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Saqib Ali *Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Aamir Aslam *Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Rabia KanwarInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Zain MehmoodInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Imran ArshadInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Sarfaraz HussainSchool of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, People's Republic of China. sarfaraz.h@caas.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-2236
University of Faisalabad · PKShandong University of Technology · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTyphoid fever is a fatal disease in humans that is caused by Salmonella typhi. S. typhi infections need immediate antibiotic therapy, and their extensive use has led to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. The use of bacteriophages is becoming a new way to treat these resistant bacteria. This research was directed to bacteriophage isolation against S. typhi and to determine phage-antibiotic synergism.

aimsTo isolate bacteriophages targeting S. typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, and investigate their potential synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. STUDY

designA cross-sectional study.

methodsThe Widal test was positive; twenty diarrheal stool samples were taken, and for confirmation of S. typhi, different biochemical tests were performed. The disc-diffusion technique was used to determine antimicrobial resistance, and the double agar overlay method was used for bacteriophage isolation from sewage water against S. typhi. To test antibiotic-phage synergism, the S. typhi bacteria was treated by phages together with varying antibiotic concentrations.

resultsEleven samples were positive for S. typhi with black colonies on SS-agar. These were catalase and MR positive with alkali butt on TSI. Clear plaques were observed after the agar overlay. Isolated phages were stable at various pH and temperature levels. Synergism was observed on agar plate. The zone was enlarged when phages were combined with bacterial lawn culture and ciprofloxacin disk. Bacterial growth inhibition had a significant p-value of 0.03 in titration plates, with the phage-ciprofloxacin combination being more effective than the phage and antibiotic alone.

conclusionThe study highlights the synergistic effects of isolated bacteriophages with antibiotics, which are not only effective against S. typhi infection but also decrease antibiotic resistance.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsFecesSalmonella typhiTyphoid FeverBacteriophagesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPhage TherapyAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic resistanceBacteriophageCiprofloxacinMulti-drug resistance (MDR)Synergism

Identifiers

PMID38158479
OpenAlexW4390430624

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.