ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2023
Immunotoxicity Evaluation of Trihalophenolic Disinfection By-Products in Mouse and Human Mononuclear Macrophage Systems: The Role of RNA Epitranscriptomic Modification in Mammalian Immunity.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disinfection Byproducts Confirmed over 50 Years: Systematic Curation, Modes of Toxic Action, and Toxicogenomics.Environmental science & technology · 2025Review
- Update of the risk assessment of brominated phenols and their derivatives in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- A Delicate Balance: Water Disinfection and By-Product Immunotoxicity.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and 2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP) are three widely detected trihalophenolic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Previous studies have mainly focused on the carcinogenic risk and developmental toxicity of 2,4,6-trihalophenols. Very little is known about their immunotoxicity in mammals.
objectivesWe investigated the effects of 2,4,6-trihalophenols on mammalian immunity using a mouse macrophage model infected with bacteria or intracellular parasites and aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms from an epitranscriptomic perspective. The identified mechanisms were further validated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
methodsThe mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of TCP, TBP, and TIP. The pro-inflammatory marker Ly6C, the survival of the bacterium
resultsMouse macrophages exposed to TCP, TBP, or TIP had lower expression of the pro-inflammatory marker Ly6C, with a greater difference from control observed for TIP-exposed cells. Consistently, macrophages exposed to such DBPs, especially TIP, were susceptible to infection with the bacterium DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that 2,4,6-trihalophenol exposure impaired the ability of macrophages to defend against pathogens. This response might be associated with notable differences in
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