ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
Reported human infections of H9N2 avian influenza virus in China in 2021.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bivalent inactivated influenza vaccine incorporating epitope-optimized surface proteins confers cross-protective immunity against H9N2 influenza virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Occupational Zoonotic Risk at India's Human-Animal Interface: Statutory Origins and a Regulatory Pathway for the Compensation-Prevention Disconnect.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Jiangsu Province, China, 2024.Viruses · 2026Article
- Genetic and biological characterization of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from swine in China.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of human infection with avian influenza.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Review
- Serological Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype in Occupational Populations Exposed to Poultry Environment in China During 2018-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Highly Conserved Influenza A Nucleoprotein as a Target for Broad-Spectrum Intervention: Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody with Pan-Influenza Reactivity.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiological characteristics of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in the external environment of western Zhejiang, China, 2014-2025.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Enhanced replication of a contemporary avian influenza A H9N2 virus in human respiratory organoids.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Influenza strains in focus: global approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of H1N1, H3N2, H7N9, and H9N2.Pathogens and global health · 2025Review
- Simvastatin Combined with CpG Enhances the Immunogenicity of the H9N2 Inactivated Vaccine.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Development and application of a real-time fluorescent RAA assay for H9 subtype avian influenza viruses.Virus genes · 2025Article
- Naringenin as a phytogenic adjuvant systematically enhances the protective efficacy of H9N2 inactivated vaccine through coordinated innate-adaptive immune priming in chickens.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota-derived isovaleric acid ameliorates influenza virus infection via gut-lung axis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Genetic Characterization of Kazakhstan Isolates: Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses Demonstrate Their Potential to Infect Mammals.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- Human Infection with Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Virus, Vietnam, April 2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The phylogenetic, pathogenicity and transmission capacity analysis of one H9N2 strain.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Establishment of a Real-Time Fluorescence Isothermal Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Detection of H9 Avian Influenza Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Avian influenza overview December 2023-March 2024.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The continued emergence of human infections of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a serious threat to public health. The prevalent Y280/G9 lineage of H9N2 AIV in Chinese poultry can directly bind to human receptors, increasing the risk of spillover infections to humans. Since 2013, the number of human cases of H9N2 avian influenza has been increasing continuously, and in 2021, China reported the highest number of human cases, at 25. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the age, geographic, temporal, and sex distributions of humans with H9N2 avian influenza in 2021 using data from the National Influenza Center (Beijing, China). We also conducted evolutionary, gene homology, and molecular characterization analyses of the H9N2 AIVs infecting humans. Results: Our findings show that children under the age of 12 accounted for 80% of human cases in 2021, and females were more frequently affected than males. More cases occurred in winter than in summer, and most cases were concentrated in southern China. Human-infecting H9N2 viruses showed a high level of genetic homology and belonged to the prevalent G57 genotype. Several additional α2,6-SA-binding sites and sites of mammalian adaptation were also identified in the genomes of human-infecting H9N2 viruses. Discussion: Therefore, continuous monitoring of H9N2 AIV and the implementation of further measures to control the H9N2 virus in poultry are essential to reduce the interspecies transmission of the virus.
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