ArticleScientific reports2023
C3-epi-25(OH)D3 percentage, not level, may be a potential biomarker to reflect its pathological increase in multiple diseases: a cross-sectional case-control study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redefining breast cancer: therapeutic opportunities in HER2-low and emerging molecular subtypes.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Elevated Relative Levels of the C-3 Epimer of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Patients with Cirrhosis.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Status in Adolescents With Anxiety Disorders: A Case-Control and Vitamin D Supplementation Substudy.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Circulating vitamin D concentrations and the risk of urticaria: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessment of Serum 3-Epi-25-Hydroxyvitamin DJournal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Exploration of vitamin D hydroxy metabolites C3 epimers in patients with cardiovascular disease: an observational study.Bioscience reports · 2025Observational
- High ratio of epi-25-(OH)-vitamin D3 to 25-(OH)-vitamin D3 increases the risk of asthma attack in American asthma adults: a population study.BMC public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
National surveys in developed countries have examined the presence of C3-epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [C3-epi-25(OH)D3]. However, controversy remains regarding its association with disease occurrence due to its high correlation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. This study aims to investigate whether %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 can serve as an indicator for this relationship with various diseases. A total of 3086 healthy participants and 4120 patients were included in this study. We investigated the association between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels with gender, age, and season; compared the performance of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 across different disease conditions; and explored the correlation between %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and various diseases. Results indicated that C3-epi-25(OH)D3 varied significantly by gender, age, and season (z/χ2 = 3.765, 10.163, and 150.975, all P < 0.01), while only season for %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 (χ2 = 233.098, P < 0.001). In contrast to the significant decrease in C3-epi-25(OH)D3, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 showed a significant increase in 8 out of 11 disease categories (z = 3.464 ~ 11.543, all Padj < 0.05). Similar opposite changes were also observed in most of the investigated 32 specific diseases. Moreover, an elevation in %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 was found to be significantly associated with 29 specific diseases both in univariate analysis (OR = 1.16 ~ 2.10, all P < 0.05) and after adjusting for gender, age, and season (OR = 1.15 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). However, after further adjustment for 25(OH)D3 levels, the association remained significant only for 15 specific diseases (OR = 1.11 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). Seasonal stratification analysis further supports the consistent association of %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 with disease across all or nearly all four seasons. In conclusion, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 may better reflect the production of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 in disease conditions, thereby offering a more applicable approach to investigate its association with diseases. However, the interpretation of this relationship may be confounded by 25(OH)D3 as a potential covariate.
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