ArticleBMJ open2023
Hypertension, socioeconomic status and depressive and anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Chinese women.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender differences in sleep quality and its associated factors in patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Factors associated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in individuals with hypertension: a cross-sectional study based on a Chinese population.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Comorbidity Between Mood Disorders and Chronic Somatic Diseases, With a Focus on Cardiometabolic Disease, and Its Mechanistic Crosstalk.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
- Socio-ecological factors of health literacy and physical activity among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Overlooked Driver of Hypertension: Mental Stress at the Crossroad of Cardiology and Psychiatry.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associations with diabetes in rural southwest China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Unmasking the Mental Health Burden of Hypertension: Examining Psychological Distress, And Cognitive Function, Impact on Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Treatment in a Tertiary Care Hospital.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the association of hypertension with depressive and anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older Chinese women, and to further assess whether the association was influenced by socioeconomic status (SES).
designNationwide cross-sectional study.
settingSix provinces of the eastern, central and western regions of China.
participantsWomen aged 40-70 years were included by a multistage stratified random cluster sampling in 2018 (N=9900). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Depressive and anxiety disorders were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the OR and 95% CI for hypertension and the odds of depressive and anxiety disorders.
results18.5% of participants reported having hypertension; 20.9% and 15.3% of women experienced depressive and anxiety disorders, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, women diagnosed with hypertension were more likely to have depressive (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45) and anxiety disorders (OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.71) than those without hypertension. Stratified analyses demonstrated that hypertension was significantly associated with higher odds of depressive disorders in women living in rural areas (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.59), with lower levels of education (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.46) and with average monthly household income <¥3000 (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.59), while hypertension was significantly correlated with increased odds of anxiety disorders in women living in urban (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.79) and rural areas (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.84), with lower levels of education (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.70), and with average monthly household income <¥3000 (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75) and ≥¥3000 (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.86).
conclusionsHypertension was associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety disorders among middle-aged and older women, especially in those with low SES. Effective strategies and actions for identification and management of hypertension and depressive and anxiety disorders are needed.
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