ArticleBMJ open2023
Healthcare resource utilisation and costs of hospitalisation and primary care among adults with COVID-19 in England: a population-based cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimating the potential public health and economic impact of vaccination timing: A modeling study of COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Immunocompromised patients with viral severe acute respiratory infection in intensive care: an Australia wide, retrospective, observational study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Characteristics, all-cause healthcare resource utilisation, and costs among high-risk adults with long COVID during Omicron predominance, 2022-2023: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Nationwide longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 hospitalisation burden in immunocompromised patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 infection on social care use in people over 50 years of age: a matched cohort study in North-West London.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Population-Based Matched Cohort Study of COVID-19 Healthcare Costs, Ontario, Canada.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Is COVID-19 Still a Threat? An Expert Opinion Review on the Continued Healthcare Burden in Immunocompromised Individuals.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Distinct phenotypes of patients and healthcare resource utilization after hospitalization for COVID-19: an observational study.BMC health services research · 2025Observational
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo quantify direct costs and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) associated with acute COVID-19 in adults in England.
designPopulation-based retrospective cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care electronic medical records linked to Hospital Episode Statistics secondary care administrative data.
settingPatients registered to primary care practices in England. POPULATION: 1 706 368 adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test from August 2020 to January 2022 were included; 13 105 within the hospitalised cohort indexed between August 2020 and March 2021, and 1 693 263 within the primary care cohort indexed between August 2020 and January 2022. Patients with a COVID-19-related hospitalisation within 84 days of a positive test were included in the hospitalised cohort.
main outcome measuresPrimary and secondary care HCRU and associated costs ≤4 weeks following positive COVID-19 test, stratified by age group, risk of severe COVID-19 and immunocompromised status.
resultsAmong the hospitalised cohort, average length of stay, including critical care stays, was longer in older adults. Median healthcare cost per hospitalisation was higher in those aged 75-84 (£8942) and ≥85 years (£8835) than in those aged <50 years (£7703). While few (6.0%) patients in critical care required mechanical ventilation, its use was higher in older adults (50-74 years: 8.3%; <50 years: 4.3%). HCRU and associated costs were often greater in those at higher risk of severe COVID-19 than in the overall cohort, although minimal differences in HCRU were found across the three different high-risk definitions. Among the primary care cohort, general practitioner or nurse consultations were more frequent among older adults and the immunocompromised.
conclusionsCOVID-19-related hospitalisations in older adults, particularly critical care stays, were the primary drivers of high COVID-19 resource use in England. These findings may inform health policy decisions and resource allocation in the prevention and management of COVID-19.
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