Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38154865›Full record

ArticleBMJ case reports2023

Identification and reduction of retained primitive reflexes by sensory stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: effects on qEEG networks and cognitive functions.

Robert John Melillo, Gerry Leisman, Calixto Machado, Eli Carmeli

Open access · hybridAbstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ case reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Robert John MelilloMovement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa, Israel.
Gerry LeismanMovement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa, Israel g.leisman@alumni.manchester.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-7331
Calixto MachadoClinical Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, La Habana, Cuba.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-5844
Eli CarmeliPhysical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
University of Haifa · ILInstituto de Neurologia Y Neurocirugia · CUUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana · CU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several authors have reported finding retained primitive reflexes (RPRs) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This case report describes the reduction of RPRs and changes in cognitive function after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of muscle. Three individuals were examined in a study at the Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery in Havana, Cuba. Two child neurologists, not involved in the study, conducted clinical examinations on each participant and diagnosed each with ASD based on DSM-V criteria and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (an autism evaluation tool). Each child with ASD possessed a triad of impairments in three domains: social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviour. Individuals were evaluated by quantitative electroencephalographic measures and tested by standardised cognitive function tests before and after 12 weeks of intervention. These interventions were associated with reduced ASD symptoms in the three domains, significant changes in qEEG network connectivity and significantly improved performance on standardised cognitive tests.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderChildCognitionDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersHumansSocial InteractionChild and adolescent psychiatryChild and adolescent psychiatry (paediatrics)Clinical neurophysiologyDevelopmental paediatrocs

Identifiers

PMID38154865
PMCPMC10759118
OpenAlexW4390337764

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.