ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2023
Engineered Exosome for Drug Delivery: Recent Development and Clinical Applications.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exosomes orchestrate immune homeostasis in acute ischemia-reperfusion flap injury and chronic wounds: the TLR4/NF-κB-STAT3 R-ratio balance decision model, engineering optimization and translational clinical strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Exosomes as Cellular Communicators and Therapeutic Agents in Orthopedic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Intervention.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Research progress on exosomes in the otology field: a systematic review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- M1 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155-5p exacerbates aortic dissection via SMAD5-Mediated regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Preclinical Evidence, and Translational Challenges.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-based immunotherapy: integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with current strategies in combating brain cancer disease.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Restoration of Neuronal Metabolism and Memory in Alzheimer's Disease by Reprogramming the Exosomal microRNA Network.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Decoding cardiorenal crosstalk: Intercellular communication mechanisms and therapeutic insights in cardiorenal syndrome.iScience · 2026Review
- The potential of bioengineered exosomes in regenerative medicine: a next generation therapy.Human cell · 2026Review
- Acupuncture-driven exosomes: an emerging therapy.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for MAFLD: from biological mechanisms to translational prospects.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Exosome-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Lung Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Advances.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Mitochondrial Function: A Novel Strategy for Parkinson's Disease Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- RVG-Modified BMSCs-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With miR-21 Alleviate Neuronal Injury Resulted From Excessive Autophagy via Targeting PTEN/Akt/mTOR Pathway After Cerebral Ischaemia.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Overcoming blood-brain barrier and chemoresistance in glioblastoma by Angiopep-2-modified NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted delivery of temozolomide.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Surface engineering of extracellular vesicles: trends, strategies, and applications in diagnosis and therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Dual-loaded homotypic exosomes with endogenous IR808 and pH-responsive DOX drive sequenced chemo-PDT and convert "cold" OSCC tumors "hot".Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Ocular Surface Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Enhance Microglia M2 Polarization via the FGFR1/PLCγ1 Axis to Alleviate Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Exosome-loaded hydrogels for bone regeneration: a cell-free therapeutic strategy.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles that transfer bioactive molecules between cells and modulate various biological processes under physiological and pathological conditions. By applying bioengineering technologies, exosomes can be modified to express specific markers or carry therapeutic cargo and emerge as novel platforms for the treatment of cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, immune, and infectious diseases. However, there are many challenges and uncertainties in the clinical translation of exosomes. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges in the translation of engineered exosomes, with a special focus on the methods and strategies for loading drugs into exosomes, the pros and cons of different loading methods, and the optimization of exosome production based on the drugs to be encapsulated. Moreover, we also summarize the current clinical applications and prospects of engineered exosomes, as well as the potential risks and limitations that need to be addressed in exosome engineering, including the standardization of exosome preparation and engineering protocols, the quality and quantity of exosomes, the control of drug release, and the immunogenicity and cytotoxicity of exosomes. Overall, engineered exosomes represent an exciting frontier in nanomedicine, but they still face challenges in large-scale production, the maintenance of storage stability, and clinical translation. With continuous advances in this field, exosome-based drug formulation could offer great promise for the targeted treatment of human diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.