ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
Long-Term Axial Length Shortening in Myopic Orthokeratology: Incident Probability, Time Course, and Influencing Factors.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combined Small Treatment Zone Orthokeratology and Alternate-Day 0.01% Atropine for Axial Elongation Control in Rapidly Progressing Myopic Children.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Trial
- Comparative Effectiveness of Myopia-control Spectacle Lenses: Clincial setting Performance from a Retrospective Cohort Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Axial length changes and baseline predictors over five years in children treated with orthokeratology lenses: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Association between first-year axial elongation and 10-year myopia progression in children wearing orthokeratology lenses: a ten-year longitudinal study.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Effect of orthokeratology lens wear on axial length elongation in myopic children.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Non-invasive low-level red-light therapy for axial length control in pediatric extreme myopia.iScience · 2025Article
- One-Month Changes in Choroidal Vascularity Index of Medium Vessel Layer in Children with Myopia Wearing Orthokeratology Lenses: a Predictor for One-Year Changes in Axial Length.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Orthokeratology for myopia control: a three-year longitudinal study on axial length modulation influenced by baseline age and spherical equivalent.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Axial Length Stabilization or Reduction in over 40% of Patients Wearing Extended Depth-of-Focus Contact Lenses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of axial shortening induced by orthokeratology lenses and its mechanical mechanisms.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effects of orthokeratology lenses on choroidal thickness and choriocapillaris perfusion in myopic children.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length changes treated with spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Long-term axial length (AL) shortening in myopia is uncommon but noteworthy. Current understanding on the condition is limited due to difficulties in case collection. The study reported percentage, probability, and time course of long-term AL shortening in myopic orthokeratology based on a large database. Methods: This study reviewed 142,091 medical records from 29,825 subjects in a single-hospital orthokeratology database that were collected over 10 years. Long-term AL shortening was defined as a change in AL of -0.1 mm or less at any follow-up beyond 1 year. Incident probability was calculated based on multivariate logistic regression. Time course was estimated using mixed-effect regression model. Results: A total of 10,093 subjects (mean initial age, 11.70 ± 2.52 years; 58.8% female) with 80,778 visits were included. The number of subjects experienced long-term AL shortening was 1,662 (16.47%; 95% confidence interval, 15.75%-17.21%). Initial age showed significant impact on the incident occurrence (OR, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-1.40; P < 0.001). The estimated probability of AL shortening was approximately 2% for subjects with initial age of 6 years and 50% for those aged 18. Among the 1662 AL shortening cases, the median magnitude of the maximum AL reduction was 0.19 mm. The shortening process mostly occurred within the initial 2 years. Subject characteristics had limited associations with the shortening rate. Conclusions: Long-term AL shortening is possible in subjects receiving myopic orthokeratology. Although age notably affect the incident probability, the time course seems to not vary significantly.
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