Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38149422›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2023

Randomised controlled trial of automated VR therapy to improve positive self-beliefs and psychological well-being in young people diagnosed with psychosis: a study protocol for the Phoenix VR self-confidence therapy trial.

Daniel Freeman, Jason Freeman, Aitor Rovira, Andre Lages Miguel, Rupert Ward, Matthew Bousfield, Ludovic Riffiod, Jose Leal, Thomas Kabir, Ly-Mee Yu and 3 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Daniel FreemanDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK daniel.freeman@psy.ox.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-2541-2197
Jason FreemanDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Aitor RoviraDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andre Lages MiguelDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rupert WardDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Matthew BousfieldDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ludovic RiffiodDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jose LealHealth Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7870-6730
Thomas KabirDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8908-0964
Ly-Mee YuOxford Primary Care Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Primary care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Helen BeckwithDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Felicity WaiteDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2749-1386
Laina RosebrockDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe confidence of young people diagnosed with psychosis is often low. Positive self-beliefs may be few and negative self-beliefs many. A sense of defeat and failure is common. Young people often withdraw from many aspects of everyday life. Psychological well-being is lowered. Psychological techniques can improve self-confidence, but a shortage of therapists means that very few patients ever receive such help. Virtual reality (VR) offers a potential route out of this impasse. By including a virtual coach, treatment can be automated. As such, delivery of effective therapy is no longer reliant on the availability of therapists. With young people with lived experience, we have developed a staff-assisted automated VR therapy to improve positive self-beliefs (Phoenix). The treatment is based on established cognitive behavioural therapy and positive psychology techniques. A case series indicates that this approach may lead to large improvements in positive self-beliefs and psychological well-being. We now aim to conduct the first randomised controlled evaluation of Phoenix VR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: 80 patients with psychosis, aged between 16 and 30 years old and with low levels of positive self-beliefs, will be recruited from National Health Service (NHS) secondary care services. They will be randomised (1:1) to the Phoenix VR self-confidence therapy added to treatment as usual or treatment as usual. Assessments will be conducted at 0, 6 (post-treatment) and 12 weeks by a researcher blind to allocation. The primary outcome is positive self-beliefs at 6 weeks rated with the Oxford Positive Self Scale. The secondary outcomes are psychiatric symptoms, activity levels and quality of life. All main analyses will be intention to treat. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has received ethical approval from the NHS Health Research Authority (22/LO/0273). A key output will be a high-quality VR treatment for patients to improve self-confidence and psychological well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN10250113.

Indexed as

Psychotic DisordersVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyAdolescentAdultHumansPsychological Well-BeingQuality of LifeRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicState MedicineTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultClinical TrialSchizophrenia & psychotic disordersVirtual Reality

Identifiers

PMID38149422
PMCPMC10711910

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.