Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38149243›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023

Robust memory humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the tonsils of adults and children.

Tarfa A Altorki, Rwaa H Abdulal, Bandar A Suliman, Talal M Aljeraisi, Asem Alsharef, Wesam H Abdulaal, Mohamed A Alfaleh, Abdullah A Algaissi, Rowa Y Alhabbab, Hani Ozbak and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Tarfa A AltorkiVaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Rwaa H AbdulalVaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Bandar A SulimanMedical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Talal M AljeraisiOtorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Asem AlsharefVaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Wesam H AbdulaalDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed A AlfalehVaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah A AlgaissiDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Rowa Y AlhabbabVaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hani OzbakMedical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Hamza Mohammed EidMedical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Yahya Ahmad AlmutawifMedical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Xuguang LiCentre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Mohammed W Al-RabiaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Qibo ZhangAcademic and Research Departments, Section of Immunology, School of Biosciences and Medicine University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Ahmed Bakur MahmoudMedical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Waleed H MahallawiMedical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Anwar M HashemVaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
King Abdulaziz University · SATaibah University · SAHealth Canada · CAJazan University · SAUniversity of Surrey · GB

Funding

National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research NC/X002349/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Adaptive humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has mainly been evaluated in peripheral blood. Human secondary lymphoid tissues (such as tonsils) contain large numbers of plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulins at mucosal sites. Yet, the role of mucosal memory immunity induced by vaccines or natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is not fully understood. Methods: Tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMNCs) from adults (n=10) and children (n=11) were isolated and stimulated using positive SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs. We used endpoint enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the measurement of anti-S1, -RBD, and -N IgG antibody levels and a pseudovirus microneutralization assay to assess neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in paired serum and supernatants from stimulated TMNCs. Results: Strong systemic humoral response in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated adults and children was observed in accordance with the reported history of the participants. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in anti-RBD IgG (305 and 834 folds) and anti-S1 IgG (475 and 443 folds) in the stimulated TMNCs from adults and children, respectively, compared to unstimulated cells. Consistently, the stimulated TMNCs secreted higher levels of nAbs against the ancestral Wuhan strain and the Omicron BA.1 variant compared to unstimulated cells by several folds. This increase was seen in all participants including children with no known history of infection, suggesting that these participants might have been previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and that not all asymptomatic cases necessarily could be detected by serum antibodies. Furthermore, nAb levels against both strains were significantly correlated in adults (r=0.8788; Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for persistent mucosal humoral memory in tonsils from previously infected and/or vaccinated adults and children against recent and old variants upon re-exposure. They also highlight the importance of targeting mucosal sites with vaccines to help control infection at the primary sites and prevent potential breakthrough infections.

Indexed as

COVID-19VaccinesAdultAntibodies, NeutralizingChildHumansImmunity, HumoralImmunoglobulin GPalatine TonsilSARS-CoV-2Antibodies, NeutralizingImmunoglobulin GVaccinesCOVID-19humoral immunitymucosal immunityneutralizing antibodiesSARS-CoV-2tonsils

Identifiers

PMID38149243
PMCPMC10750384
OpenAlexW4389571066

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.