ArticlePsychology research and behavior management2023
Measurement Properties and Optimal Cutoff Point of the WHO-5 Among Chinese Healthcare Students.
Article in Psychology research and behavior management, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mental Health Among Adults with Diabetes in Spain: A Population-Based Matched Study of Emotional Well-Being, Depressive Symptoms, and Psychiatric Medication Use.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Strengthening adolescent well-being-controlled feasibility from two Swedish upper secondary schools.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Experimental Testing of the Affective Consequences of Nostalgia.Psychology in Russia : state of the art · 2026Article
- Problematic smartphone use and adolescent mental health: The mediating role of emotional growth mindset and the moderating role of left-behind experience.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic - a longitudinal study over 42 months in five European countries.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Psychometric evaluation and updated community norms of the WHO-5 well-being index, based on a representative German sample.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A longitudinal examination of the measurement properties and invariance of the Sleep Condition Indicator in Chinese healthcare students.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is widely used to assess subjective well-being. Nevertheless, measurement invariance and optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5 have not been examined in Chinese samples. We aimed to assess measurement properties of the Chinese version of the WHO-5 (WHO-5-C) among healthcare students. Patients and Methods: A two-wave longitudinal assessment was conducted among 343 Chinese healthcare students from September to November 2022. Measurement properties of the WHO-5-C were assessed through structural validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance using multigroup CFA (MGCFA) and longitudinal CFA (LCFA), convergent validity using correlation analysis with the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire (SRHQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), reliability using internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and optimal cutoff point using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The WHO-5-C demonstrated satisfactory structural validity with comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.968 at baseline and 0.980 at follow-up, and adequate measurement invariance in different sociodemographic variables at baseline (gender, age, major, home location, being only child, monthly household income, part-time job, physical exercise, hobby, frequency of visiting home, and stress coping strategy) (CFI changes [ΔCFI] = -0.009-0.003) and over a week (ΔCFI = -0.006-0.000). The WHO-5-C also had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.907-0.934; McDonald's ω = 0.908-0.935) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.803). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations of the WHO-5-C with the SRHQ and PHQ-4. The optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5-C was found to be 50, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.882 at baseline data, with sensitivity of 0.803 and specificity of 0.762 at follow-up. Conclusion: The WHO-5-C demonstrated adequate measurement properties, especially concerning cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement invariance, with a recommended optimal cutoff point of ≥ 50 for assessing adequate level of psychological well-being in healthcare students.
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