ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2023
Significant Reduction in External Ventricular Drain-Related Infections After Introducing a Novel Bundle Protocol: A Before and After Trial.
Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Is there a way to reduce the infection associated with external ventricular shunts? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the recent bundle of care.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Bedside external ventricular drainage in the NICU: procedural efficiency and infection trends in a 15-year single-center cohort.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Causing Hydrocephalus: Narrative Review of a Neurosurgical Emergency.Cureus · 2026Review
- Effect of Care Bundle Approaches on External Ventricular Drainage-Related Infection: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurosurgery practice · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExternal ventricular drain (EVD)-related infection (ERI) is a serious complication in neurosurgical patients. The estimated ERI rates range from 5 to 20 cases per 1,000 EVD catheter days. The pathophysiology of ERI is similar to central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) stemming from skin-derived bacterial colonization. The use of bundle management can reduce CLABSI rates. Due to the pathogenic similarities between infections related to the two devices, we developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an ERI-bundle protocol based on CLABSI bundles.
methodsFrom November 2016 to November 2021, we conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of an ERI-bundle protocol. This study adopted a before-and-after trial, comparing the ERI rates for the 2 years before and 3 years after the introduction of the newly developed ERI-bundle protocol. We also analyzed the contributing factors to ERI using logistic regression analysis.
resultsA total of 183 patients with 2,381 days of catheter use were analyzed. The ERI rate decreased significantly after the ERI-bundle protocol from 16.7% (14 of 84; 14.35 per 1,000 catheter days) to 4.0% (4 of 99; 3.21 per 1,000 catheter days) (
conclusionIntroduction of the ERI-bundle protocol was very effective in reducing ERI.
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