ReviewBiomaterials2024
Engineered 3D ex vivo models to recapitulate the complex stromal and immune interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
Review in Biomaterials, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patient-derived 3D organotypic co-cultures as a long-term ex vivo model for pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Leveraging Microphysiological Systems to Facilitate Neutrophil-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Immune-stromal interactions at the crossroads of tissue injury, repair, and tumor progression.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Systematic pathway-level analysis defines conserved transcriptional divergence between primary lung tumors and cell line models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Bioprinted Tumor Microenvironment Models Reveal Immune Evasion and Guide CAR-NK Therapeutic Strategies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multimodal profiling of CAR T cells against glioblastoma using a microengineered 3D tumor-on-a-chip model.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Engineering Bone-Mimetic Microspheres to Recapitulate the Tumor Microenvironment for In Vitro Osteosarcoma Modeling.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Micro Pattern-Based 3D Cell Culture Platform: An Overview of Technologies and Applications.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Allogeneic Immune Cell Perfusion Inhibits the Growth of Vascularized 3D In Vitro Tumor Models, Induces Vascular Regression and Desmoplasia, but Promotes Tumor Cell Invasion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exploring microorganism-host interactions: Emerging organoid models and analytical approaches.mLife · 2026Review
- Application and prospects of organoid-on-a-chip in research on the intestinal mucosal barrier.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Mechanoresponsive reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages during cancer progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Scaffolds Mimicking the Tumor Microenvironment for In Vitro Malignancy Models.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tumor Microenvironment On-A-Chip and Single-Cell Analysis Reveal Synergistic Stromal-Immune Crosstalk on Breast Cancer Progression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Immune Modulation and Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Mechanisms of Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cancer-derived exosomes: mediators of immune crosstalk and emerging targets for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Infiltrating treg reprogramming in the tumor immune microenvironment and its optimization for immunotherapy.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Engineered Tumor-Immune Microenvironment On A Chip to Study T Cell-Macrophage Interaction in Breast Cancer Progression.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer thrives in a complex environment where interactions between cellular and acellular components, surrounding the tumor, play a crucial role in disease development and progression. Despite significant progress in cancer research, the mechanism driving tumor growth and therapeutic outcomes remains elusive. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture assays and in vivo animal models are commonly used in cancer research and therapeutic testing. However, these models suffer from numerous shortcomings including lack of key features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) & cellular composition, cost, and ethical clearance. To that end, there is an increased interest in incorporating and elucidating the influence of TME on cancer progression. Advancements in 3D-engineered ex vivo models, leveraging biomaterials and microengineering technologies, have provided an unprecedented ability to reconstruct native-like bioengineered cancer models to study the heterotypic interactions of TME with a spatiotemporal organization. These bioengineered cancer models have shown excellent capabilities to bridge the gap between oversimplified 2D systems and animal models. In this review article, we primarily provide an overview of the immune and stromal cellular components of the TME and then discuss the latest state-of-the-art 3D-engineered ex vivo platforms aiming to recapitulate the complex TME features. The engineered TME model, discussed herein, are categorized into three main sections according to the cellular interactions within TME: (i) Tumor-Stromal interactions, (ii) Tumor-Immune interactions, and (iii) Complex TME interactions. Finally, we will conclude the article with a perspective on how these models can be instrumental for cancer translational studies and therapeutic testing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.