ArticleInfection2024
High prevalence of pneumocystis pneumonia in interstitial lung disease: a retrospective study.
Article in Infection, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The diagnostic and prognostic utility of blood metagenomic next-generation sequencing for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Machine learning model for differentiating Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia from colonization and analyzing mortality risk in non-HIV patients using BALF metagenomic sequencing.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characteristics and prognostic analysis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in connective tissue diseases patients with interstitial lung disease: a retrospective study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Protective efficacy of a 'pan-fungal' vaccination strategy against experimentalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis a narrative review primary focus on treatments.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a new risk category for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) with a high mortality rate. The definite diagnostic criteria of PCP in ILD patients have not been established until now. The aims of this study were to identify potential risk factors of PCP in patients with ILD, and to evaluate the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), CD4 + T cell count, (1-3)-β-D-Glucan (BG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the diagnosis of PCP in ILD patients.
methodsThis is a retrospective, single-center, case-control study. ILD patients who underwent mNGS from December 2018 to December 2022 were included in the study. Based on the diagnosis criteria of PCP, these patients were divided into PCP-ILD and non-PCP-ILD groups. The potential risk factors for PCP occurrence in ILD patients were analysed via logistic regression. The diagnostic efficacy of mNGS was compared with serological biomarkers.
results92 patients with ILD were enrolled, 31 of which had a definite PCP and were assigned to the PCP-ILD group while 61 were to the non-PCP-ILD group. The infection rate of PJ in ILD patients was 33.7% (31/92). The history of glucocorticoid therapy, CD4 + T cell count, BG level and traction bronchiectasis on HRCT were associated with PCP occurrence in ILD patients. LDH level did not reach statistical significance in the logistic regression analysis. mNGS was confirmed as the most accurate test for PCP diagnosis in ILD patients.
conclusionILD is a new risk group of PCP with high PCP prevalence. Clinicians should pay close attention to the occurrence of PCP in ILD patients who possess the risk factors of previous glucocorticoid therapy, decreased CD4 + T cell count, increased BG level and absence of traction bronchiectasis on HRCT. mNGS showed the most excellent performance for PCP diagnosis in ILD patients. Peripheral blood CD4 + T cell count and BG level are alternative diagnostic methods for PCP in ILD patients. However, the diagnostic value of serum LDH level was limited in ILD patients.
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