Observational studyCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2024
Association Between Delays in Time to Bystander CPR and Survival for Witnessed Cardiac Arrest in the United States.
Observational study in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population-level association of layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Part 4: Systems of Care: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.Circulation · 2025Guideline
- Comparison of video-assisted CPR using the LINE application and telephone-assisted CPR: a randomized controlled simulation trial.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Trial
- No-Flow Duration and Outcomes After Cardiogenic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Wearable saving lives: a case report.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- RECOVER Guidelines: First Aid in Dogs and Cats. Evidence and Knowledge Gap Analysis With Treatment Recommendations.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2026Article
- RECOVER Guidelines: First Aid for Dogs and Cats. Clinical Guidelines.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2026Article
- Time-Dependent Association of Thoracic Anthropometric Parameters with Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Single-Center Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Estimating bystander CPR using a strict documentation-based definition: a multiregional EMS registry analysis.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Shortening Time to Arrival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Implementing a Dual Dispatch Strategy of EMS and Volunteer Fire Service-A Simulation Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Public-Access Defibrillation and System Approaches to Minimize Avoidable Delay.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Deep language model-based early recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from real-time emergency calls.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Regional disparities and temporal trends in pre-hospital management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Thailand: a multi-center retrospective cohort study (2017-2023).Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest detection by a wearable: the first real-life case.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Article
- A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Timely EMS Activation and Bystander CPR in the Association Between Regional Deprivation and Outcomes Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest: a video analysis of presenting features, management and outcomes.British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Urban-rural disparities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes: a nationwide Hungarian study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Influence of an educational program utilizing VAK and Kolb's learning theories on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and practices among private home nurses in Qatar.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Methods matter: unpacking the survival impact of first responder CPR in OHCA.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrompt initiation of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the association between delays in bystander CPR and OHCA survival is poorly understood.
methodsIn this observational study using a nationally representative US registry, we identified patients who received bystander CPR from a layperson for a witnessed OHCA from 2013 to 2021. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate the association between time to CPR (<1 minute versus 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and ≥10-minute intervals) and survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological survival (survival to discharge with cerebral performance category of 1 or 2 [ie, without severe neurological disability]).
resultsOf 78 048 patients with a witnessed OHCA treated with bystander CPR, the mean age was 63.5±15.7 years and 25, 197 (32.3%) were women. The median time to bystander CPR was 2 (1-5) minutes, with 10% of patients having a≥10-minute delay before initiation of CPR. Overall, 15 000 (19.2%) patients survived to hospital discharge and 13 159 (16.9%) had favorable neurological survival. There was a graded inverse relationship between time to bystander CPR and survival to hospital discharge (
conclusionsAmong patients with witnessed OHCA, there was a dose-response relationship between delays in bystander initiation of CPR and lower survival rates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.