ArticleClinical & experimental ophthalmology2024
Lipids from ocular meibum and tears may serve as biomarkers for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Article in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Eye as a Biomarker of Gulf War Illness: Sphingolipid and Eicosanoid Composition in Tears and Plasma.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Age- and sex-associated effects of C18 ceramide sphingolipids on osteoclastogenesis in experimental models of Gulf War Illness.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- Oral Supplementation of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3-PUFA) Can Prevent TBI-Induced Visual, Motor, and Emotional Deficits in Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Sphingolipid changes in mouse brain and plasma after mild traumatic brain injury at the acute phases.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundThere is a need to develop biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of treatment responses in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
methodsCross-sectional study examining correlations between tear inflammatory proteins, meibum and tear sphingolipids, and symptoms of depression and PTSD-associated anxiety. Ninety individuals filled depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9, PHQ-9) and PTSD-associated anxiety (PTSD Checklist-Military Version, PCL-M) questionnaires. In 40 patients, a multiplex assay system was used to quantify 23 inflammatory proteins in tears. In a separate group of 50 individuals, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on meibum and tears to quantify 34 species of sphingolipids, encompassing ceramides, monohexosyl ceramides and sphingomyelins.
resultsThe mean age of the population was 59.4 ± 11.0 years; 89.0% self-identified as male, 34.4% as White, 64.4% as Black, and 16.7% as Hispanic. The mean PHQ-9 score was 11.1 ± 7.6, and the mean PCL-M score was 44.3 ± 19.1. Symptoms of depression and PTSD-associated anxiety were highly correlated (ρ =0.75, p < 0.001). Both PHQ9 and PCL-M scores negatively correlated with multiple sphingolipid species in meibum and tears. In multivariable models, meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 26:0 (pmol), tear Ceramide 16:0 (mol%), meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 16:0 (mol%), and tear Ceramide 26:1 (mol%) remained associated with depression and meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 16:0 (mol%), meibum Monohexosyl Ceramide 26:0 (pmol), tear Sphingomyelin 20:0 (mol%), and tear Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (mol%) remained associated with PTSD-associated anxiety.
conclusionsCertain meibum and tear sphingolipid species were related to mental health indices. These interactions present opportunities for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for mental health disorders.
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