ArticleJournal of community health2024
Submersion Injuries and the Cost of Injury Associated with Drowning Events in the United States, 2006-2015.
Article in Journal of community health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial community profiling for forensic drowning diagnosis across locations and submersion times.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Imbalance of intestinal flora activates inflammatory response contributing to acute lung injury.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe World Health Organization has reported submersion injuries as the third most common cause of death due to unintentional injury in the world. Greater detail in the rates, risk factors, and healthcare associated costs of submersion injuries could be instrumental in demonstrating the need for further funding and intervention.
methodsThe study was a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative dataset of inpatient and emergency department (ED) encounters between 2006 and 2015 in the United States (US). Healthcare utilization costs were provided within the datasets and adjusted to reflect actual charges and provider fees. Lastly, the final cost values were adjusted to the 2020 US dollar (USD) and summarized using a log adjusted mean.
resultsOn average, there were 11,873 submersion injuries per year that presented to the ED in the US. Resulting in a rate where approximately 9 out of every 100,000 ED visits were associated with a submersion injury. Slightly more than 6% died in the ED, 24.2% were admitted, and 69.3% were discharged from the ED. In total, annual cost of submersion injuries in the US for ED care is approximately $12.5 million, inpatient care is approximately $27.5 million, and total annual healthcare cost exceeds $40 million. DISCUSSION: While these results only represent a fraction of the total cost associated with submersion injuries, it remains substantial and unchanged over the 10-year study period. Certain demographic groups showed higher rates of injury and disease burden, thus bearing a greater amount of the cost.
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