ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2024
Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of acute intranasal allergen exposure on resident immune cells and sensory neurons in the mouse olfactory epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Further characterization of infection mechanisms and transmission dynamics of rustrela virus in rodentThe Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Review
- Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Antiviral responses in peripheral and brain neurons.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Viral destruction of the olfactory mucosa elicits immune residence, bone metaplasia, and long-term smell loss.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- From zoonotic spillover to endemicity: the broad determinants of human coronavirus tropism.mBio · 2025Review
- Post-COVID-19 condition: clinical phenotypes, pathophysiological mechanisms, pathology, and management strategies.The Journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Potential role of terpenes in recovery from olfactory dysfunction with olfactory training: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Viral Etiologies and Histopathological Features of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2025Review
- The Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of toll-like receptors in post-COVID-19 associated neurodegenerative disorders?Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Elimination of olfactory sensory neurons by zinc sulfate inoculation prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Distinct olfactory mucosal macrophage populations mediate neuronal maintenance and pathogen defense.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Suppression of the host antiviral response by non-infectious varicella zoster virus extracellular vesicles.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Revealing the Hidden Impacts: Insights into Biological Aging and Long-Term Effects in Pauci- and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Healthcare Workers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Persistent Neurological Deficits in Mouse PASC Reveal Antiviral Drug Limitations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Histochemical Evidence for Reduced Immune Response in Nasal Mucosa of Patients with COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized the importance of the olfactory mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in the nasal passages, the olfactory mucosa is directly exposed to the environment to sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it can serve as a direct route of entry from the outside world into the brain. As a result, olfactotropic infections can have serious consequences, including dysfunction of the olfactory system, CNS invasion, dissemination to the lower respiratory tract, and transmission between individuals. Recent research has shown that a distinctive immune response is needed to protect this neuronal and mucosal tissue. A better understanding of innate, adaptive, and structural immune barriers in the olfactory mucosa is needed to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines against olfactotropic microbes such as SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize the ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory mucosa, review the subsequent immune response, and discuss important areas of future research for olfactory immunity to infectious disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.