Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38143197›Full record

ArticleVaccine2024

Determinants of immunization in polio super high-risk union councils of Pakistan.

Ahmad Khan, Imtiaz Hussain, Dale A Rhoda, Muhammad Umer, Uzair Ansari, Imran Ahmed, Caitlin Clary, Rana Muhammad Safdar, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ahmad KhanCenter of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
Imtiaz HussainCenter of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
Dale A RhodaBiostat Global Consulting, Worthington, OH, USA.
Muhammad UmerCenter of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
Uzair AnsariCenter of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
Imran AhmedCenter of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
Caitlin ClaryBiostat Global Consulting, Worthington, OH, USA.
Rana Muhammad SafdarMinistry of Health Services Regulation & Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sajid Bashir SoofiCenter of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan; Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Electronic address: sajid.soofi@aku.edu.
Aga Khan University · PKMinistry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe current polio epidemiology in Pakistan poses a unique challenge for global eradication as the country is affected by ongoing endemic poliovirus transmission. Across the country, 40 union councils (UCs) which serve as core reservoirs for poliovirus with continuous incidences of polio cases are categorized as super-high-risk union councils (SHRUCs). METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 39 SHRUCs using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. 6,976 children aged 12-23 months were covered. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17.

resultsBased on both vaccination records and recall, 48.3% of children were fully-, 35.4 % were partially-, and 16.3% were non-vaccinated in the SHRUC districts. A child is considered fully vaccinated when h/she completed vaccination for BCG, OPV0, OPV 1-3, Penta 1-3, PCV 1-3, IPV, and MCV1. Vaccination cards were seen for over half of the children in the SHRUC districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and the majority of the SHRUC districts in Sindh, except for the SHRUC district of Malir the districts of Balochistan. Results for polio vacancies show that 60.9% of children from the SHRUC districts were vaccinated with at least three doses of OPV and one dose of IPV, while 20.4% were vaccinated with any OPV doses or IPV and 18.7% of children did not receive any polio vaccines. The dropout rate between vaccine visits was higher than the WHO-recommended cutoff point of 10% for all vaccine doses in the SHRUC districts. The likelihood of being fully vaccinated was higher among the children of educated parents. Full vaccination was found significant among the children of any SHRUC districts compared to district Killa Abdullah.

conclusionContext-specific strategies with more focus on community engagement and targeted mobilization, along with robust monitoring mechanisms, would help address the underlying challenges of under-immunization in the SHRUCs.

Indexed as

PoliomyelitisPoliovirusChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansImmunizationImmunization ProgramsInfantPakistanPoliovirus Vaccine, InactivatedPoliovirus Vaccine, OralVaccinationPoliovirus Vaccine, InactivatedPoliovirus Vaccine, OralFully vaccinatedImmunization coveragePakistanPolio super high-risk union councils

Identifiers

PMID38143197
PMCPMC10850981
OpenAlexW4390146988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.