Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38141921›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2024

Evaluation of urinary limonene metabolites as biomarkers of exposure to greenness.

Zhengzhi Xie, Saurin R Sutaria, Jin Y Chen, Hong Gao, Daniel J Conklin, Rachel J Keith, Sanjay Srivastava, Pawel Lorkiewicz, Aruni Bhatnagar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. High-throughput UPLC-ESI/MSMS method for simultaneous measurement of the urinary metabolites of volatile organic compounds and tobacco alkaloids.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Greenspaces And Cardiovascular Health.Circulation research · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zhengzhi XieChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: zhengzhi.xie@louisville.edu.
Saurin R SutariaChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: saurin.sutaria@louisville.edu.
Jin Y ChenChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: jin.chen@louisville.edu.
Hong GaoChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: hong.gao@louisville.edu.
Daniel J ConklinChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: dj.conklin@louisville.edu.
Rachel J KeithChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: rachel.keith@louisville.edu.
Sanjay SrivastavaChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: sanjay.srivastava@louisville.edu.
Pawel LorkiewiczChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: pawel.lorkiewicz@louisville.edu.
Aruni BhatnagarChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, USA; American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. Electronic address: aruni.bhatnagar@louisville.edu.

Funding

Superfund Training CoreP42ES023716 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI HEIN, DAVID W · 2017 to 2025
$18.1M
University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health SciencesP30ES030283 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI Amanda Jo LeBlanc · 2020 to 2026
$10.0M
UOFL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES TRAINING PROGRAMT32ES011564 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI David W Hein, John Pierce Wise · 2004 to 2026
$7.1M
TBDP30GM127607 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI JONES, STEVEN P · 2018 to 2022
$6.3M
Urban Greenness and Cardiovascular HealthR01ES029846 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI Aruni Bhatnagar · 2018 to 2026
$6.2M
Bruker timsTOF Mass SpectrometerS10OD026840 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI LORKIEWICZ, PAWEL K · 2020 to 2020
$598k
Cardiovascular Benefits of Inhaled Biogenic Volatile Organic CompoundsR21ES033323 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI CONKLIN, DANIEL JOSEPH · 2021 to 2022
$430k
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES030283NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES023716NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES029846NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES033323NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES011564NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM127607NIH HHS S10 OD026840
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exposure to plants is known to improve physical and mental health and living in areas of high vegetation is associated with better health. The addition of quantitative measures of greenness exposure at individual-level to other objective and subjective study measures will help establish cause-and-effect relationships between greenspaces and human health. Because limonene is one of the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted by plants, we hypothesized that urinary metabolites of inhaled limonene can serve as biomarkers of exposure to greenness. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed urine samples collected from eight human volunteers after limonene inhalation or after greenness exposure using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry-based profiling. Eighteen isomers of nine metabolites were detected in urine after limonene inhalation, and their kinetic parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed effect models. Urinary levels of most abundant limonene metabolites were elevated after brief exposure to a forested area, and the ratio of urinary limonene metabolites provided evidence of recent exposure. The identities and structures of these metabolites were validated using stable isotope tracing and tandem mass spectral comparison. Together, these data suggest that urinary metabolites of limonene, especially uroterpenol glucuronide and dihydroperillic acid glucuronide, could be used as individualized biomarkers of greenness exposure.

Indexed as

GlucuronidesPlantsBiomarkersHumansLimoneneLiquid Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryBiomarkersGlucuronidesLimoneneBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC)BiomarkerData-independent acquisition (DIA)Greenness exposureLC-MSLimonene

Identifiers

PMID38141921
PMCPMC10922478

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.