Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38140332›Full record

ArticleNutrients2023

In-Hospital Formula Feeding Hindered Exclusive Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy as a Mediating Factor.

Lu Liu, Yuju Wu, Xiannan Xian, Jieyuan Feng, Yuping Mao, Siva Balakrishnan, Ann M Weber, Gary L Darmstadt, Yunwei Chen, Sean Sylvia and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lu LiuDepartment of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16 South Renmin Road 3 Section, Chengdu 610041, China.ORCID 0009-0006-5657-0143
Yuju WuDepartment of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16 South Renmin Road 3 Section, Chengdu 610041, China.
Xiannan XianDepartment of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16 South Renmin Road 3 Section, Chengdu 610041, China.
Jieyuan FengStanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Yuping MaoDepartment of Communication Studies, College of Liberal Arts, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4865-9253
Siva BalakrishnanDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89503, USA.
Ann M WeberDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89503, USA.
Gary L DarmstadtDepartment Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7522-5824
Yunwei ChenHealth Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5144-925X
Sean SylviaHealth Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Huan ZhouDepartment of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16 South Renmin Road 3 Section, Chengdu 610041, China.
Scott RozelleStanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Funding

Enlight Foundation no grant numberScience & Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2021JDKP0042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE), defined as a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed, has been confirmed to predict the uptake of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Early experiences during the birth hospital stay, especially in-hospital formula feeding (IHFF), can impact both EBF and maternal breastfeeding confidence. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between IHFF and EBF outcomes and investigate whether this association is influenced by BSE. The study included 778 infants from a larger cohort study conducted in 2021, with a one-year follow-up in rural areas of Sichuan Province, China. We used a causal mediation analysis to estimate the total effect (TE), natural direct (NDE), and nature indirect effects (NIE) using the paramed command in Stata. Causal mediation analyses revealed that IHFF was negatively associated with EBF (TE odds ratio = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.76); 28% of this association was mediated by BSE. In the subgroup analysis, there were no significant differences in the effects between parity subgroups, as well as between infant delivery subgroups. Our study found that IHFF hindered later EBF and that BSE mediated this association. Limiting the occurrence of in-hospital formula feeding or improving maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy is likely to improve exclusive breastfeeding outcomes.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingSelf EfficacyCohort StudiesFemaleHospitalsHumansInfantMediation AnalysisMothersPregnancybreastfeedingbreastfeeding self-efficacyin-hospital formula feedingmediation

Identifiers

PMID38140332
PMCPMC10746093

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.