ReviewVaccines2023
Nucleoprotein as a Promising Antigen for Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines.
Review in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Antibody Repertoires See: Structural and Immunogenetic Insights Into Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Recognition.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Advances in the Development of a Universal Influenza Vaccine.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Prior immunity to seasonal influenza A(H3N2) virus confers varying levels of cross-protection against challenge with clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1), A(H7N9), or A(H9N2) virus in a ferret model.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The Shifting Core: Antigenic Variability of the Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein Despite Evolutionary Conservation.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Transcriptional effects of influenza virus M1 and NP gene expression in DF-1 cells and their immunogenicity in cognate B21 chickens.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Article
- Highly Conserved Influenza A Nucleoprotein as a Target for Broad-Spectrum Intervention: Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody with Pan-Influenza Reactivity.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of pan MHC‑I epitopes immunoreactivity on Hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Possess Autoimmune Properties.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development and application of a NP-cELISA for the detection of nucleoprotein antibodies of equine influenza virus.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Influenza neuraminidase active site proximity assay for rapid profiling of inhibitory antibodies and antigenic drift.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of OVX836, a Nucleoprotein-Based Universal Influenza Vaccine, Co-Administered with FluarixVaccines · 2025Article
- The global burden of swine influenza and its mitigation.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Dissecting immunological mechanisms underlying influenza viral nucleoprotein-induced mucosal immunity against diverse viral strains.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Cellular immunity to nucleoproteins (NP) of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Hazara Virus (HAZV).Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Influenza Virus-Derived CD8 T Cell Epitopes: Implications for the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines.Immune network · 2024Review
- The Memory-CD8+-T-Cell Response to Conserved Influenza Virus Epitopes in Mice Is Not Influenced by Time Since Previous Infection.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Advances in protein subunit vaccines against H1N1/09 influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal influenza. Due to the highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza vaccine strains should be regularly updated to antigenically match the circulating viruses. The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is much more conserved than HA and NA, and thus seems to be a promising target for the design of improved influenza vaccines with broad cross-reactivity against antigenically diverse influenza viruses. Traditional subunit or recombinant protein influenza vaccines do not contain the NP antigen, whereas live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) express the viral NP within infected cells, thus inducing strong NP-specific antibodies and T-cell responses. Many strategies have been explored to design broadly protective NP-based vaccines, mostly targeted at the T-cell mode of immunity. Although the NP is highly conserved, it still undergoes slow evolutionary changes due to selective immune pressure, meaning that the particular NP antigen selected for vaccine design may have a significant impact on the overall immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine candidate. In this review, we summarize existing data on the conservation of the influenza A viral nucleoprotein and review the results of preclinical and clinical trials of NP-targeting influenza vaccine prototypes, focusing on the ability of NP-specific immune responses to protect against diverse influenza viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.