ReviewPharmaceutics2023
Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties, and Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity of Betulin and Its Derivatives in Gastrointestinal Cancers.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Betulin-Amino Acid Molecular Hybrids: Synthesis, Structure and Pharmacological Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Thermodynamic stability and anticancer activity of 2,3-unsaturated and 2,3-dideoxy OScientific reports · 2026Article
- Multivariate Chemoprospecting of Five Ethnobotanically Important Himalayan Lichens Identifies Parmotrema austrosinense as a Promising Source of Phenolic Antioxidants.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights into the Metabolic Pathways and Neuroprotective Potential of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids: In-Depth Analysis of Betulin, Betulinic, and Ursolic Acids.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Coassembly of Betulinol with Glycyrrhetinic Acid or Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Their Characteristics.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Network pharmacology and experimental validation reveal that betulin alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting intestinal senescence and enhances antitumor efficacy.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Semi-Synthesis, Anti-Leukemia Activity, and Docking Study of Derivatives from 3Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Time-Dependent Impact of Betulin and Its Derivatives on IL-8 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells with Molecular Docking Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are an increasingly common type of malignancy, caused by the unhealthy lifestyles of people worldwide. Limited methods of treatment have prompted the search for new compounds with antitumor activity, in which betulin (BE) is leading the way. BE as a compound is classified as a pentacyclic triterpene of the lupane type, having three highly reactive moieties in its structure. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of key components of signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, interleukins, and others. BE also has a number of biological properties, i.e., anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, as well as antitumor. Due to its poor bioavailability, betulin is subjected to chemical modifications, obtaining derivatives with proven enhanced pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties as a result. The method of synthesis and substituents significantly influence the effect on cells and GI cancers. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect is highly dependent on the derivative as well as the individual cell line. The aim of this study is to review the methods of synthesis of BE and its derivatives, as well as its pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms of action in colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer neoplasms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.