ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2023
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Associated Myocarditis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Current Status on Rechallenge.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning approaches to predict early cardiac immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Role of Troponins in CardioOncology.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Imaging for the Early Detection of Cardiotoxicity from Emerging Cancer Therapies: Mechanistic Insights Across the Pediatric and Adult Spectrum.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Clonal reshaping and clinical outcomes after rechallenge in ICI-associated myocarditis: integrated single-cell and TCR repertoire analysis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Pericarditis With Early Effusive-Constrictive Physiology After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: Risk, Diagnosis, and Clinical Impact.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Atezolizumab-bevacizumab rechallenge after immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Advancing precision cardio-oncology: multimodal surveillance and stratified management of immunotherapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Dual immune checkpoint inhibitor cardonilumab induces immune myocarditis in a patient with cancer-related myocardial metastasis: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Case Report: Immunotherapy-induced myocarditis requiring pacemaker insertion in an older adult. what happens if we rechallenge?Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Early lymphocyte recovery predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence and outcomes of neuromuscular immune-related adverse events in head and neck cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity: immunology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Immunomodulation in Cardiovascular Disease: Anti-inflammatory Strategies and Landmark Trials.Cureus · 2025Review
- Real-world analysis of cardiovascular adverse events and risk factors after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Comparison of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Myocarditis and Non-ICI Myocarditis Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: A Single-Centre Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Myocarditis induced by durvalumab in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- Cardiotoxicity Induced by Anticancer Therapies: A Call for Integrated Cardio-Oncology Practice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Navigating Cardiotoxicity in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Diagnosis to Long-Term Management.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Cardio-Oncology and Multi-Imaging Modalities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), play a critical role in regulating the immune response, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting these checkpoints have shown clinical efficacy in cancer treatment; however, their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including cardiac complications. The prevalence of cardiac irAEs, particularly myocarditis, is relatively low, but they can become a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, usually occurring shortly after initiating ICI treatment; moreover, diagnosing ICI-related myocarditis can be challenging. Diagnostic tools include serum cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). The treatment of ICI-induced myocarditis involves high-dose corticosteroids, which have been shown to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). In refractory cases, second-line immunosuppressive drugs may be considered, although their effectiveness is based on limited data. The mortality rates of ICI-induced myocarditis, particularly in severe cases, are high (38-46%). Therapy rechallenge after myocarditis is associated with a risk of recurrence and severe complications. The decision to rechallenge should be made on a case-by-case basis, involving a multidisciplinary team of cardiologists and oncologists. Further research and guidance are needed to optimize the management of cancer patients who have experienced such complications, evaluating the risks and benefits of therapy rechallenge. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available evidence on cardiovascular complications from ICI therapy, with a particular focus on myocarditis and, specifically, the rechallenge of immunotherapy after a cardiac adverse event.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.