ArticleNature communications2023
Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses.
Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- ACTN3 c.1729C>T Polymorphism Might Not Be a Standalone Factor in Non-contact Musculoskeletal Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Longitudinal analysis reveals myeloid cell contributions to murine neuroPASC pathogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Understanding the long-term neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammatory and transcriptional dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 infection in KRT18-hACE2 mouse brain.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Viral Infection and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Molecular Research Insights and Therapies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of mental disorders in women of childbearing age: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Serum levels of neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein correlate with disease severity in patients with West Nile virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Distinct brain alterations and neurodegenerative processes in cognitive impairment associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai: a longitudinal study from 2010 to 2024.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Clinical, thyroid metabolic, and inflammatory features in pediatric patients with post-acute COVID-19 neuropsychiatric symptoms.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Health outcomes one year after Omicron infection among 12,789 adults: a community-based cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Association of systemic inflammation and long-term dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: A prospective cohort.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Post COVID-19 condition is associated with altered regional cerebral blood volume as revealed by dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Serum neurofilament light chain levels in myasthenia gravis patients with and without symptoms.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid profile in coronavirus disease 2019, a prospective case series study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Persistence of Long COVID Symptoms Two Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.Viruses · 2024Article
- Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
48 authors at 20 institutions in 3 countries.
Benedict D Michael *Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK. benmic@liverpool.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-8693-8926
Cordelia Dunai *Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5799-2387
Edward J NeedhamDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7042-7462
Kukatharmini TharmaratnamHealth Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8255-9822
Robyn WilliamsOxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.ORCID 0009-0000-9505-9563
Yun HuangClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7843-9126
Sarah A BoardmanClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4385-6004
Jordan J ClarkUniversity of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
Parul SharmaInfection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.
Krishanthi SubramaniamInfection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.
Greta K WoodClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
Ceryce CollieClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0239-9401
Richard DigbyDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9733-4741
Alexander RenDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Emma NortonDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Maya LeibowitzDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Soraya EbrahimiDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Andrew FowerOxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
Hannah FoxOxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
Esteban TatoSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8664-8742
Mark A EllulClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
Geraint SunderlandClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9040-5949
Marie HeldCentre for Cell Imaging, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0118-5898
Claire HetheringtonClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0009-0003-9234-4459
Franklyn N EgbeClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9547-4609
Alish PalmosSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5748-6652
Kathy StirrupsNIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6823-3252
Alexander GrundmannClinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BF, UK.
Anne-Cecile ChiollazDépartement de médecine interne des spécialités (DEMED), University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.
Jean-Charles SanchezDépartement de médecine interne des spécialités (DEMED), University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.
James P StewartInfection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8928-2037
Michael GriffithsClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
Tom SolomonClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7266-6547
Gerome BreenSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2053-1792
Alasdair J ColesDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Nathalie KingstonNIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
John R BradleyNIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Patrick F ChinneryDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7065-6617
Jonathan CavanaghCentre for Immunology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0640-8050
Sarosh R IraniOxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7667-9748
Angela VincentNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2395-8695
J Kenneth BaillieRoslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5258-793X
Peter J OpenshawNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BX, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7220-2555
Malcolm G SempleClinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9700-0418
ISARIC4C Investigators
COVID-CNS Consortium
Leonie S TaamsCentre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9337-7194
David K MenonDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3228-9692
University of Liverpool · GBKing's College London · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GBImperial College London · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBMRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research · GBUniversity of Edinburgh · GBQueen's University Belfast · GBPublic Health England · GBUniversity College London · GBBelfast Health and Social Care Trust · GBPublic Health Scotland · GBRoslin Institute · GBUniversity of Nottingham · GBUniversity of Glasgow · GBUniversity of Manchester · GBLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine · GBUniversity of Dundee · GBUniversity of Sheffield · GBJohn Radcliffe Hospital · GB
Funding
Medical Research Council MC_PC_19059Medical Research Council MR/S032304/1Medical Research Council MR/T023791/1Medical Research Council MR/T028750/1Medical Research Council MR/V007181/1Medical Research Council MR/V03605X/1Wellcome Trust 206330/Z/17/Z
Abstract
To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1-11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely.
Indexed as
Brain InjuriesCOVID-19AutoantibodiesBiomarkersCOVID-19 SerotherapyCytokinesFollow-Up StudiesGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHumansInflammation MediatorsAutoantibodiesBiomarkersCytokinesGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinInflammation Mediators
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.